复合微生物肥料圆盘造粒工艺研究  

Research on the Pan Granulation Technique for Compound Microbial Fertilizer

作　　者：梁晓琳[1,2] 钟茜[1] 高旭[1] 李荣[1,2] 张娟 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心,农业部长江中下游植物营养与肥料重点实验室,南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学淮安研究院,江苏淮安223005 [3]山东省产品质量检验研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第3期695-700,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家“863”计划项目(2013AA102802);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(KYZ2015197和KYCYL201502);南京市科技计划项目(201505041);国家自然科学基金项目(31572212);国家大学生创新训练项目(201510307025);‘青蓝工程’资助

摘　　要："全元"复合微生物肥料集化肥速效、有机肥长效和生物肥增效于一体,使肥料养分释放均衡持久,达到使作物增产增收的目的。但目前"全元"复合微生物肥料多为粉状,具有容易结块,大小不均,不利于机械化施用等缺点,将肥料造粒成为生产实际的迫切需求。首先利用生物有机肥添加一定配比无机化肥形成不同养分"全元"复合微生物肥料,进而利用圆盘造粒机研究了复合微生物肥料造粒工艺。结果表明,原料粉碎细度,水分和肥料配方对复合微生物肥料成粒效果均有影响;原料细度方面,只过18目筛的混合原料造粒效果最好,成粒所需水分最低,原料过细容易产生大颗粒,造粒不均匀;生物有机肥造粒所需水分最高,随着加入无机化肥的比例增加,肥料造粒所需水分呈下降趋势;同时添加无机氮磷钾的配方成粒效果好,且无机养分比重对成粒有影响;无机化肥中过磷酸钙能明显增加肥料黏性,硫酸铵和氯化钾增加黏性的效果不明显。结论:"全元"复合微生物肥料同时添加无机氮磷钾造粒时,无需添加工业粘结剂即可有效成粒,成粒均匀且效率高,同时,生产实际中只需粉碎原料后过18目筛即可达到造粒要求。Compound microbial fertilizer（C MF） could increase both production and income for crops because it contains the compound characteristics of quick-efficiency of chemical fertilizer, long-efficiency of organic fertilizer and enhanced-efficiency of bio-fertilizer. However, powdery CMF commonly is easily clumped with different sizes, thus hindering the mechanical application. In this study, pan granulation technique was explored to produce granular CMF from powdery CMF which was produced by bio-organic fertilizer added different ratio of chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the fineness, water content and fertilizer formula of raw materials all affected the granulation effect.Powdery CMF screened though 18 meshes showed the best granulation effect and needed the least content of water,while large particles were produced when more fineness of the raw materials were used. More water was needed when bio-organic fertilizer was raw material, while the addition of chemical fertilizer decreased water requirement. The addition of Ca3（PO4）2,（NH4）2SO4and KCl together showed better granulation effect than the application of single one,and Ca3（PO4）2application improved the viscosity of the raw material. In conclusion, the granulation CMF could be produced effectively without industrial adhesive after the addition of chemical fertilizer Ca3（PO4）2,（NH4）2SO4and KCl.Moreover, powdery CMF screened though 18 meshes was suitable for granulation CMF production.

关 键 词：复合微生物肥料 化学肥料 原料细度 圆盘造粒技术 

分 类 号：S144.1[农业科学—肥料学]