甘肃鼢鼠适应地下生活的消化道形态和结构的季节可塑性  

Seasonal Variations of Morphological Features and Tissue Structures of the Digestive Tract in Gansu Zokor(Myospalax cansus)

作　　者：王倩[1] 杨佐娟[1] 李金钢[1] 何建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710062

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2016年第4期573-582,共10页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30670360)

摘　　要：甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)是终生营地下生活的小型哺乳动物,为研究其在自然环境中的消化对策和调节,探讨地下鼠消化道的可塑性,测定了不同季节消化道各器官长度、重量及各器官的组织结构。结果显示,甘肃鼢鼠总消化道长度、各消化器官长度和含内容物总重量无显著季节差异。总消化道及各器官的鲜重和干重多在春季最高,含内容物重量于秋季较高。组织结构有显著性季节变化,黏膜层和肌层的厚度及肠道绒毛高度春季最高。结果表明,甘肃鼢鼠主要依靠肠道重量的增加和组织结构的可塑性变化来适应相对稳定的地下生活环境,无需增加消化器官长度满足其能量需求。Gansu Zokor（Myospalax cansus） is a small mammal that spends all their lives underground in sealed burrows. To explore the digestive strategies and regulation in natural environment, and to understand the plasticity of digestive tract, seasonal changes of digestive tract were measured at organ and tissue levels, respectively. We measured the lengths of digestive tract and stomach, thicknesses of mucosa, submucosa and muscular layer, and height of tomentum during development, and analyzed the data by one-way ANOVA. We also observed the organization structure of digestive tract by H.E dyeing. There was not significant seasonal difference between the total length and the gross weight of digestive tract contents（Table 1）. Both the fresh and dry weight of the total tracts and various organs were highest in spring, while the contents weight was a little higher in autumn（Table 1）. The organizational structures showed significant difference in different seasons（Table 2）, the thicknesses of mucosa and muscular layer as well as the height of intestinal villus were highest in spring（Table 3）. Histological characteristics of Gansu Zokor′s digestive tract were significant different in different seasons（PlateⅠ）. The results indicated that the major factors for Gansu Zokor to adapt to the relatively stable underground environment are the plastic changes and increasing intestinal weights, while incresing length of digestive organs is unnecessery for its energy requiremnt.

关 键 词：甘肃鼢鼠 消化道 形态特征和组织结构 季节性变化 

分 类 号：Q954.3[生物学—动物学]