民法中一般条款的界定——德国法上的理论以及对中国的借鉴  

Definition of General Clause in Civil Law -Theory in German Law and Reference to China

作　　者：任超[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《南京大学法律评论》2016年第1期137-162,共26页Nanjing University Law Review

摘　　要：一般条款较之于其他普通的条款具有相当的特殊性，是一种高度的价值性和功能性的概念。以德国法的理论为前提，一般条款可以在立法论和方法论两个层面进行区分。从外部界定的角度而言，方法论中的一般条款和“需要价值填充的概念”“不确定，模糊和抽象的概念”之间在部分领域具有一定的关联性，但同时又存在各自所特有的内容范围，并不能将这些概念类型等同视之。此外，方法论中的一般条款和“空白条款”在规范目的和引介外在规范过程中所发挥的作用两个方面存在差异。在此基础上，方法论中一般条款的内涵意义可以从法官的裁量权、法律体系的完整性、个案公正和社会正义四个维度进行阐述。我国学界针对一般条款存在诸多研究性文献，但是仍然应当在借鉴德国法学说理论的基础上有所发展。Compared with other normal clauses, general clause is extraordinarily special and extremely Value-oriented and functional concept. Under the premise of German theory, general clause can be distinguished on the level of legislation and method. Then, from view of external definition, there is some relationship among general clause in method,＂ concepts to be valued-filled＂ and ＂uncertain, vague and abstract concepts＂ in some fields, but there are also respective unique ranges of content in each of them, and accordingly, these types of concepts can not be regarded as equal. Besides, there are difference between general clause in method and ＂blank clause＂ in two terms of purpose of clause and the role of process to introduce external norms. On the basis of above discourse, the connotation of general clause in method can be illustrated from four dimesions of discretion,integrity of legal system, case justice and social justice. There are many chinese theoretical articles about general clause, however,research level should advance on basis of German theory.

关 键 词：一般条款 个案公正 社会正义 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]