光周期对两种色型豌豆蚜种群参数的影响  被引量:14

Effect of photoperiod on population parameters of two color morphs of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

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作  者:马亚玲[1,2] 刘长仲[1,2] 

机构地区:[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学草业学院,兰州730070

出  处:《生态学报》2016年第14期4548-4555,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基  金:高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类资助课题(20136202110007);国家自然科学基金项目(31260433)

摘  要:为探讨光周期对红绿两种色型豌豆蚜种群增长的影响,于室内模拟光周期22L∶2D、16L∶8D、10L∶14D和4L∶20D四个水平,研究了红绿两种色型豌豆蚜的发育、繁殖和生命表。结果表明:相对于其它光周期,在光周期22L∶2D时,红绿两种色型豌豆蚜若蚜存活率最高,繁殖力最强;其红色型豌豆蚜种群增长内禀增长率(r_m=0.3263)高于绿色型豌豆(r_m=0.2863)。光周期16L∶8D时,红色型豌豆蚜的若蚜存活率(72.22%)高于绿色型豌豆蚜(69.45%),而成蚜寿命(6.58d)较短;但绿色型豌豆蚜内禀增长率(r_m=0.2648)高于红色型豌豆蚜(r_m=0.2249),其种群繁殖力强。光周期10L∶14D时,红色型豌豆蚜与绿色型豌豆蚜相比,若蚜存活率(80.55%)高,内禀增长率(r_m=0.2490)高,种群增长力强,而绿色型豌豆蚜成蚜寿命(12.71d)较长。光周期4L∶20D时,两种色型豌豆蚜若蚜存活率最低,繁殖力最弱,成蚜寿命显著延长;红色型豌豆蚜若蚜存活率(64.67%)高于绿色型(35.50%),成蚜没有产生后代;绿色型豌豆蚜内禀增长率(r_m=-0.0366),其种群为负增长。综上,短光照条件(4L∶20D)延长了两种色型豌豆蚜的若蚜发育历期及成蚜寿命,降低了若蚜存活率、繁殖力及生命表各项参数;长光照条件(22L∶2D)缩短了两种色型豌豆蚜的若蚜发育历期及成蚜寿命,若蚜存活率高、繁殖力强;红色型豌豆蚜更适宜光周期10L∶14D,而绿色型豌豆蚜更适宜光周期16L∶8D。To investigate the effects of photoperiod on population growth of the red and green color morphs of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), the development, reproduction, and life table parameters were examined for various photoperiods (22 L:2 D, 16 L:8 D, 10 L:14 D, and 4 L:20 D), controlling for light intensity (103 μmol m^-2 s^-1). For the 22 L:2 D photoperiod, the red and green color morphs of the pea aphid had the highest nymphal survival rates (90.28% and 88.89% respectively), the shortest duration of development (5.63 d and 6.26 d), the highest net reproductive rates (49.3472 and 47.8103), the highest average fecundity (54.56 and 55.16), the highest maximum fecundity (121 and 112 offspring per female aphid), and the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm =0.3263 and 0.2863, respectively). Population growth was higher for the red color morph than the green color morph for the 22 L:2 D photoperiod. For the 16 L:8 D photoperiod, the red color morph of the pea aphid had a higher nymphal survival rate (72.22%) and shorter adult longevity (6.58 d) than those of the green color morph (69.45% and 7.08 d, respectively). However, the green color morph had a higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.2648 vs. 0.2249), indicating a higher population fecundity of the green color morph than the red color morph for the particular photoperiod. For the 10 L:14 D photoperiod, the red color morph had a higher nymphal survival rate (80.55%) and intrinsic rate of increase (0.2490) than those of the green color morph (79.17% and 0.2277, respectively). However, the green color morph had a longer duration of development (7.92 d) and adult longevity (12.71 d) than those of the red color morph (7.60 and 6.88 d, respectively). For the shortest photoperiod (4 L:20 D), the red and green color morphs of the pea aphid had the lowest nymphal survival rate (64.67% and 35.50%, respectively) and the longest duration of development (13.26 a

关 键 词:光周期 豌豆蚜 色型 种群 繁殖 生命表 

分 类 号:S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]

 

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