塔里木灌区膜下滴灌棉花水分生产函数及其效益  

Water production function and efficiency of cotton under mulched drip irrigation

作　　者：闫映宇 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区水土保持生态环境监测总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第4期18-24,54,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：973课题"绿洲化的水;土;气过程及其相互作用机制"(2009CB421302);中国科学院创新项目(KZCX2-YW-127)

摘　　要：以2007—2012年塔里木灌区膜下滴灌田间灌溉试验数据为基础,采用最小二乘法原理,拟合了棉花的水分生产函数模型,分析并计算了棉花最高产量灌溉定额、最佳效益灌溉定额、高效用水灌溉定额,揭示了棉花的水分效应及需水规律。结果表明:塔里木灌区膜下滴灌棉花需水临界期是花铃期和蕾期;产量与耗水量、灌水量均呈良好的二次抛物线关系;合理灌溉定额为3 091~3 464 m^3·hm^(-2),最高产量灌溉定额为3 464 m^3·hm^(-2),高效用水灌溉定额为3 091 m^3·hm^(-2);水资源投入的最佳效益点并非水分利用效率最高点和最高产量点,而是存在于3091~3 464 m^3·hm^(-2)区间;当边际效益等于边际成本时,净收益最大,为24 333.1元·hm^(-2),每立方灌水量净收益7.23元·hm^(-2);现状条件下最佳效益灌溉定额为3 459 m^3·hm^(-2),产量为6 360.7 kg·hm^(-2),与最高产量6 360.8kg·hm^(-2)基本相同,但比最高产量节水5 m^3·hm^(-2),每立方灌水净收益增加0.21元·hm^(-2),水分利用效率提高0.003 kg·m-3。This paper discusses the relationship between the amount of irrigation and the yield of cotton. Statistical analysis of experimental data on cotton under mulched drip irrigation during 2007—2012 indicates that the relationship between yield of cotton and irrigation presents a quadratic parabola in Tarim irrigated area. The irrigation norms for the highest yield,for the highest water use efficiency,and for the highest benefits,and the critical period of water requirement in cotton were analyzed by mathematical method. Best fit model of cotton water production function was adopted by least squares theory on the basis of field experimental data of cotton. Water production function is a quadratic function and its math expression is Y = 0. 0026 I2＋ 18. 015I（-2）4845（ R2= 0. 9592,n = 6）.Water productivity is divided into three different development stages according to the changing rule of water use efficiency and the relationship between yield and irrigation. Irrigation amounts less than 3 091 m3·hm（-2）are identified as the first stage when yield rises with the increase of irrigation amounts,and productivity rises gradually at this stage. Irrigation amounts at the second stage rises from 3 091 m3·hm（-2）to 3 464 m3·hm（-2）and the yield still rises with the increase of irrigation amounts,but the range is reduced. Irrigation amounts at the third stage exceed 3 464m3·hm（-2）and the yield is reduced with the increase of irrigation amounts. Negative rise occurs and productivity is declined. The analysis of cotton irrigation production function and the water requirement law indicates that the critical periods of water application for cotton are at the flowering stage and budding stage. The rational irrigation norm,norm for the highest yield,and norm for the highest water use efficiency for cotton are 3 091 to 3 464 m3·hm（-2）,3 464 m3·hm（-2）,and 3 091 m3·hm（-2）,respectively. The best benefits point of irrigation efficiency of cotton is not the highest point of utilization ratio of wa

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 棉花 水分生产函数 水分利用效率 灌水效益 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S274.1