民勤绿洲膜下滴灌洋葱节水高产灌溉制度  

Water-saving and high-yield irrigation schedule of drip irrigation under plastic film condition for onion production in Minqin Oasis

作　　者：丁林[1] 金彦兆[1] 王文娟[1] 王以兵[1] 李斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利科学研究院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第4期46-54,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"西北生态脆弱区经济作物高效用水关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD29B04);甘肃省青年基金项目"麦秸-塑膜复合覆盖对土壤水热及环境的影响机制"(145RJYA281);甘肃省水利重点推广计划项目"河西内陆区精量低压滴灌技术体系研究"

摘　　要：通过TDR土壤水分测定仪结合PC-2S土壤墒情监测系统及作物生理生态指标常规测定方法测定了膜下滴灌洋葱不同灌水处理下土壤水热动态、生长动态、产量效应、水分利用效率、耗水规律及经济效益,并结合TRM-ZS3全自动气象站气象数据比较不同滴灌处理的优越性,分析了不同灌水处理对水热变化、产量、灌溉水利用、耗水特性及效益的影响。研究表明,膜下滴灌土壤水热变化均匀、利用率高,有利于洋葱生长;适宜的滴灌定额条件下(T4)洋葱单株重、横茎及纵茎均较大,产量较对照(CK)增加8.65%,节水21.6%,灌溉定额降低120 mm,生育期耗水降低136.9 mm,水分利用效率提高37.31%,水分生产力达27.0元·m^(-3),净收入增加13.8%。与对照覆膜畦灌相比,滴灌处理生育期耗水强度较对照均降低0.8 mm·d^(-1)以上,能有效降低棵间无效蒸发损失,减少生育期耗水,改善土壤水热状况,提高作物产量、水分利用效率和经济效益,是一种经济可行、易于推广的节水方法。As a high yielding and efficiency vegetable,onion was planted at larger area in Minqin Oasis. Traditional irrigation mode can not meet the requirements of water saving and efficient due to high water consumption,and It is necessary to develop an efficient water saving technology. The soil water,growth parameters,yield,water use efficiency,water consumption and economic benefit were measured through the TDR soil moisture meter and PC- 2S monitoring system for onion crops under the condition of drip irrigation under plastic film. The advantages of different irrigation treatment were compared combined with TRM- ZS3 automatic weather stations meteorological data. Results showed that weight,horizontal stem and vertical stem were larger,yield was increased by 8. 65%,water saving by 21. 6% under by drip irrigation and plastic film. The treatment T4 irrigation quota lowered by 120 mm,water consumption in growth period reduced by 136. 9 mm,water use efficiency increased by 37. 31%,water productivity up to 27. 0 yuan·m（-3）and net income increased by 13. 8%. Drip irrigation under plastic film should be a kind of economic and feasible,easy way for water-saving irrigation.

关 键 词：洋葱 膜下滴灌 节水高产 灌溉制度 民勤绿洲 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]