不同耕作方式对夏大豆干物质生产及土壤水分的影响  

Effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture and dry matter production of summer soybean

作　　者：苏丽丽[1] 唐江华[1] 李亚杰[1] 徐文修[1] 彭姜龙[1] 张永强[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第4期197-204,250,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技特派员项目;新疆研究生科研创新项目(XJGRI2014078);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31260312)

摘　　要：为探究北疆伊犁河谷滴灌条件下不同耕作方式对复播大豆干物质生产及土壤水分的影响,于2013、2014年连续两年进行了复播大豆翻耕覆膜(TP)、翻耕(T)、旋耕(RT)和免耕(NT)4种不同耕作方式的田间试验。结果表明:不同耕作方式对复播大豆土壤含水量、叶面积指数(LAI)和各组织(茎、叶、叶柄、荚、粒)干物质积累量、产量均有显著影响,且两年各处理平均值基本表现为TP>T>RT>NT。其中,TP处理土壤含水量均值达18.64%,比T、RT、NT处理高出5.39%、7.67%、12.31%;LAI及干物质积累量均随生育进程推进表现出先升后降的变化趋势,且TP处理两年的全生育期LAI与单株干物质积累量的均值分别高出NT处理55.68%和58.67%,均达显著差异水平(P<0.05)。此外,TP处理单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重两年平均值也分别高于NT处理的50.28%、48.10%、11.77%,其产量最高达2 082.69 kg·hm^(-2),比产量最低的NT处理增产20.82%。在滴灌条件下,与T、RT和NT处理相比,TP可增大复播大豆群体叶面积指数,促进植株光合产物的积累,提高各器官干物质积累量,进而增大单株干物质积累量,达到增产。因此,滴灌条件下翻耕覆膜方式是较为适宜北疆伊犁河谷复播大豆的高产耕作方式。In order to provide a theoretical basis of high-yield cultivation mode for summer soybean and investigate the effects of different tillage methods on dry matter production and soil moisture of summer soybean following wheat harvest in northern Yili valley under drip irrigation,field experiments had been conducted for two years（ 2013 and 2014） with four different treatments including tilling film（ TP）,tillage（ T）,rotary（ RT） and no-tillage（ NT）by use of the macrozone experimental design. In these two years,the resulting effects on soil water content,leaf area index（ LAI）,dry matter accumulation in various organs（ stems,leaves,petioles,pods,and grains） and yield by four treatments followed the order of TP 〉 T 〉RT 〉 NT. The average soil water content by TP was 18. 64%,5. 39%,7. 67%,and 12. 31% higher than that by T,RT,and NT,respectively. Both LAI and dry matter became increased first and then went decreased during the whole growth period of summer soybean under different tillage methods,and the averages by TP were 55. 68% and 55. 68% higher than those by NT,both reaching the significantly different level（ P≤0. 05）. In addition,the number of pods per plant,grains per plant,and grain weight in two years by TP were also 50. 28%,48. 10%,and 11. 77%,respectively,than those by NT treatment. The highest yield by TP（ 2 082. 69kg·hm（-2）） was 20. 82% higher than the lowest yield by NT treatment. Due to the fact that TP could increase the population leaf area index,promote the accumulation of plant photosynthetic production,improve dry matter accumulation in various organs and the whole plant,TP could be the suitable tillage method under drip irrigation for summer soybean in local natural conditions.

关 键 词：耕作措施 复播大豆 土壤水分 干物质生产 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]