Analysis on Absorption,Utilization and Transfer Efficiency of Nitrogen in High-yield Wheat Cultivars at Different Sowing Dates  

不同播期条件下高产冬小麦品种氮素吸收利用及转运效率分析（英文）

作　　者：李玮[1,2] 乔玉强[1,2] 杜世州[1,2] 赵竹[1,2] 陈欢[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农作物品质改良重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2016年第7期1600-1606,共7页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD04B09,2013BAD07B08)

摘　　要：This study aimed to analyze the absorption, utilization and transfer char- acteristics of nitrogen in high-yield winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivars at dif- ferent sowing dates, so as to determine the optimum sowing dates for different high-yield wheat cultivars. A field experiment was conducted in the Shajiang black soil of Anhui Province with Jimai 22, Wanrnai 52 and Zhoumai 22, and the effects of early sowing （October 3）, optimum sowing （October 12） and late sowing （October 30） on wheat plant N content and accumulation, pre-and post-anthesis N accumula- tion （NA） of total plant, nitrogen remobUization to grain （NR）, N remobilization effi- ciency （NRE）, contribution of N remobilized to grain （NRC）, grain yield, N use effi- ciency （NUE） and N harvest index （NHI） of different wheat cultivar were investigat- ed. The results showed that sowing date had an impact on N content, absorption and utilization in wheat plants at various growth stages. The NA, NR and NRC of aboveground vegetative organs of wheat before anthesis were higher than those af- ter anthesis. Under the condition of late sowing, the grain N accumulation mainly depended on the N absorption by vegetative organs before anthesis. Under the conditions of optimum and early sowing, the absorbed N after anthesis accounted for a large proportion in grain N accumulation. The N uptake intensity and relative cumulative rate differed greatly among different growth stages and different-genotype wheat cultivars, and the pre-anthesis NA, pre-anthesis NR, pre-anthesis NRE, post- anthesis N assimilation amount and post-anthesis NRC showed significant differ- ences among different wheat cultivars. The grain yields of different wheat cultivars under the early and optimum sowing were all higher than those under the late sowing. The NHI and grain N accumulation were highest under the optimum sow- ing, and the latter significantly decreased with the delay of sowing dates. In con- trast, the NUE was highest under the late sowi探讨和分析不同播期条件下高产冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种的氮素吸收利用、转运和高效利用特征,确定不同高产小麦品种的适宜播期。采用大田试验方法,系统分析早播(10月3日)、适播(10月12日)和晚播(10月30日)3个水平对不同品种高产小麦主要生育期植株含氮率、氮素积累量、花前和花后植株营养器官氮素积累和分配、氮素再分配等特征及产量、品质和氮素利用效率等的影响。结果表明,播期影响生育期小麦植株的含氮率、氮的吸收和积累。小麦地上部营养器官氮积累量、氮再分配量、转运氮素对籽粒氮的贡献率花前高于花后。晚播条件下籽粒氮素的积累量主要依赖于花前氮吸收;适播和早播条件下花后吸收的氮素对籽粒氮素的积累占有较大比例。高产不同基因型小麦品种在不同生育期的氮素吸收强度和相对累积速率不同,花前氮素积累量、花前吸收氮素向籽粒的再分配以及转运率、花后氮素同化量以及花后吸收氮素对籽粒的贡献率等在不同小麦品种间差异显著。早播和适播条件下,不同品种小麦均获得比晚播较高的籽粒产量。氮素收获指数和籽粒吸氮量适播条件下较高,随播期的延迟籽粒吸氮量显著降低,相反,氮素利用效率晚播条件下最高。综合考虑,在农业生产中,3个高产小麦品种均适宜早播和适播;在晚播条件下应优先选择‘周麦22’。

关 键 词：Sowing date NITROGEN ACCUMULATION REMOBILIZATION Use efficiency Winter wheat 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]