南京市儿童青少年高血压与体格发育状况的关系  

Association between hypertension and physical development among children and adolescent in Nanjing City

作　　者：秦真真[1] 周海茸[1] 叶青[1] 王志勇[1] 徐斐[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病防制科,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第13期1840-1842,1846,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：南京市重点医学科技发展基金(ZDX12019)

摘　　要：目的了解南京市学龄儿童青少年高血压的现状及相关影响因素,为预防儿童青少年高血压提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取南京市32所小学(四年级)和16所中学(七年级)共10 091名学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。按2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告标准,将血压高于其年龄别P95定义为高血压,体质指数(BMI)按Z评分法分类,Z大于等于2为肥胖。结果共检出罹患高血压者452人(4.48%),肥胖者1 275人(12.6%)。体重消瘦至正常者中高血压患者的比例为1.6%,超重者中高血压比例为6.2%,肥胖者中高血压比例为17.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,与BMI Z值分组较低者比较,超重者血压偏高的风险为正常组的3.99倍,肥胖者血压偏高的风险为正常组的12.47倍。将体力活动按三分位进行分类研究其与血压的关系结果显示,体力活动水平较高者比体力活动水平较低者发生高血压的风险低。结论超重和肥胖是儿童青少年血压偏高的重要危险因素,体力活动水平较高者高血压发生风险较低,应对儿童青少年的健康行为等采取相应的有针对性的干预措施以预防高血压。[Objective] To understand the prevalence of hypertension and its related influencing factors among school-age children and adolescents in Nanjing City, and provide evidence for hypertension control. [Methods] Stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select totally 10 091 students from 32 primary schools （grade 4） and 16 middle schools（grade 7 ） for physical health examination and questionnaire survey. Based on the standard of Chinese Students physique and health study of Year 2010, blood pressure over P95 was defined as hypertension. BMI was assessed by Z-score, Z score over 2 was defined as obesity. [Results] A total of 452 （4.48%） children and adolescents suffered from hypertension . The total prevalence rate of obesity was 12.6% （1 275）. Among the normal weighted, the proportion of hypertension, overweight and obesity was 1.6%,6.2%, 17.1, with significant difference （P〈0.01）. Muhi-factor unconditioned logistic regression analysis showed compared with the low BMI and Z-score group, the hypertension risk of overweight group was 3.99 times of normal group. The risk of hypertension of obesity group was 12.47 times of normal group, Physical activity classification research showed the risk of hypertension of children with high level activity was lower than that of children with low level activity. [Conclusion] Overweight and obesity are the important risk factors for hypertension among children and adolescents. The risk of hypertension is low among children with high level activity. The targeted control measures should be taken to intervene health behavior of children and adolescents, so as to prevent hypertension.

关 键 词：儿童青少年 高血压 肥胖 体力活动 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]