饲料脂肪和水飞蓟素对草鱼体组织脂肪酸组成的影响  

The effects of dietary lipid levels and silymarin supplementation on tissue fatty acid composition in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idelus)

作　　者：萧培珍[1,2] 吉红[1] 张宝彤[2] 叶元土[3] 李森林[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]北京市营养源研究所水产动物系统营养研究开放实验室,北京丰台100069 [3]苏州大学基础医学与生命科学学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《中国饲料》2016年第14期26-33,共8页China Feed

基　　金：北京市科学技术研究院青年骨干计划(201420);陕西省水产健康生态养殖技术集成与示范(2014-TS-36)

摘　　要：为了探究饲料脂肪和添加水飞蓟素对草鱼鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响,试验采用2×3双因素设计,脂肪水平为4%和8%(LL和HL),水飞蓟素浓度为0、100、200 mg/kg(SM0,SM100,SM200),配制6组等氮等能饲料,饲喂360尾初重为(27.43±0.17)g的草鱼12周,每组4个重复。结果显示,增加饲料脂肪水平显著影响了鱼体组织脂肪酸组成(P<0.05)。与LL组相比,HL组肌肉中18∶2n-6和20∶4n-6(ARA)的比例以及腹腔脂肪组织18∶2n-6和18∶3n-3比例分别增加了60.99%、22.72%、64.40%、161.29%,而HL组腹腔脂肪组织22∶6n-3(DHA)比例显著降低了26.76%,HL组肝胰脏中的18∶2n-6(ARA),20∶5n-3(EPA)和DHA的比例分别降低了44.68%、63.59%、49.63%和74.51%(P<0.05)。水飞蓟素添加对肌肉、腹腔脂肪和肝脏的脂肪酸组成比例均无显著影响(P>0.05)。组织与饲料脂肪酸组成相关性结果显示,肌肉和腹腔脂肪组织相关性(r=0.91,0.91)均显著高于肝胰脏(r=0.59)(P<0.05);与LL组相比,HL组的腹腔脂肪组织的相关性显著提高了10.34%(r=0.96和r=0.87);而HL组肝胰脏的相关性则显著降低了44.74%(r=0.42和r=0.76);水飞蓟素添加显著影响了肌肉和腹腔脂肪组织相关性,SM100组肌肉的相关性显著高于SM200组,增加了3.33%(r=0.93和r=0.90;P<0.05);在低脂肪水平时,SM100(r=0.91)和SM200(r=0.87)组的腹腔脂肪组织相关性显著高于SM0组(r=0.84)(P<0.05)。研究表明,增加饲料脂肪水平,导致各组织与饲料脂肪酸组成的相关性存在较大差异,这可能与不同组织在应对饲料脂肪水平以及脂肪酸利用和转化等适应或调节策略不同有关。在低脂肪水平下,添加水飞蓟素有利于提高腹腔脂肪组织与饲料脂肪酸组成的相关性;水飞蓟素对不同组织与饲料脂肪酸组成的相关性的影响存在组织差异性。This study was carried out to evaluate whether the silymarin supplementation could influent fatty acid composition in juvenile grass carp with dietary lipid levels increasing.A total of 360 fish with（27.43±0.17）g body weighet were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in a factorial design containing 0,100 or 200 mg/kg silymarin（SM0,SM100,SM200）associated with either 4% or 8% lipid levels（Low lipid,LL;high lipid,HL;respectively）for 12 weeks in an indoor recircling rearing system.Each treatment was replicated four groups.Results showed that tissue fatty acid composition were significantly affected by dietary lipid levels（P〈0.05）,but weren＇t influenced by silymarin supplementation（P〉0.05）.Compared with LL treatments,percent of 18∶2n-6 and 20∶4n-6（ARA） in muscle,18∶2n-6 and 18∶3n-3 in intraperitoneal fat（IPF）were significantly increased by 60.99%,22.72%,64.40% and 161.29% in HL treatments,while percent of DHA in IPF,18∶2n-6,ARA,EPA and DHA in hepatopancrease were decreased by 26.76%,44.68%,63.59%,49.63% and74.51%,respectively（P〈0.05）.Both muscle and IPF（r=0.91,0.91）showed markedly higher correlation than hepatopancreas（r=0.59）（P〈0.05）.SM100 groups had 3.33% higher correlation in muscle than SM200 groups（r=0.93,r=0.90）（P〈0.05）.Correlation in IPF was 10.34% higher in HL treatments than LL treatments（r=0.96,r=0.87）,and for LL treatments,both SM100 and SM200 had significantly higher correlation in IPF than SM0（r=0.91,0.87,0.84）（P〈0.05）.Correlation in hepatopancreas in HL treatments was 44.74%lower than LL treatments（r=0.42,r=0.76）（P〈0.05）.Increasing dietary lipid levels resulted in different correlation of fatty acid profile between tissue and diet,which might be associated with the adapting or regulating mode of dietary lipid levels,and the utilization and transformation of fatty acid.Silymarin supplementation could enhance the correlation of fatty acid profile between IPF and lower lipid level diets.There were tiss

关 键 词：草鱼 脂肪 水飞蓟素 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]