华东某铀矿区地表水中放射性核素铀含量特征分析  

Characterisctcs of Uranium Content in Surface Water of a Uranium Mine in Eastern China

作　　者：向龙[1] 刘平辉[1,2] 张淑梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学地球科学学院,南昌330031 [2]东华理工大学核资源与环境教育部重点实验室,南昌330031

出　　处：《地球与环境》2016年第4期455-461,共7页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41261081);江西省研究生创新基金项目(YC2015-S268)

摘　　要：以华东某铀矿区为研究对象,利用X-Series II电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定铀矿区和对照区共114个地表水样品中放射性核素铀含量,采用单因子指数法评价放射性铀污染,以查明铀矿区地表水铀污染现状。结果表明:(1)研究区地表水铀平均含量39.89μg/L,分别是含矿未采区、江西省背景值、对照区的32.17倍、64.34倍和199.45倍;各亚区地表水的铀含量平均值从大到小顺序为:水冶场区>开采矿井区>废弃矿井区>尾矿库区;废弃矿井区、水冶场区、开采矿井区等亚区地表水铀含量受到较强人为活动影响;(2)单因子污染指数评价结果表明各亚区地表水铀污染程度为:水冶场区>开采矿井区>废弃矿井区>尾矿库区。其中,水冶场区、开采矿井区、废弃矿井区、尾矿库区地表水的铀污染程度均为重度污染;对照区未污染。结合研究区铀含量特征,铀矿开采、运输与选冶等实际情况,建议从改善矿石运输条件、改善废水处理设备,提高废水处理技术等方面进行地表水铀污染防治。We took a uranium deposit area in the east of China as the research object to discuss the radionuclide uranium contents in 114 surface water samples from uranium deposit area and control area with X-Series ICP-MS. Radionuclide uranium contamination levels of surface water samples were assessed by using the method of single factor index to identify the uranium contamination in urani- um deposit area. Results show that （1） the average uranium concentrations （39. 89 μg/L） in surface water are 32.17, 64.34 and 199.45 times as the average uranium concentrations of unexploited deposit area, the surface water uranium element background values of Jiangxi Province, China and the control area, respectively. The average uranium concentrations show the order of hydrometallurgy plant area〉mine area〉abandoned mine area〉railings dam area. The whole study area, including abandoned mine area, mine area and hydrometallurgy plant area, has been influenced strongly; （2） the results of single factor index show that the uranium contamination levels of sub areas in surface water are in the order of hydrometallurgy plant area〉mine area〉abandoned mine area〉tailings dam area. The surface water samples from all above areas are heavily uranium contaminated but surface water samples from control area are not contaminated. Combined with the characteristics of uranium concentration, uranium mining, transportation, smelting and other actual situations in uranium deposit area, the improvements on ore transport conditions and waste water treatment should be carried out to pre- vent uranium contamination in surface water.

关 键 词：铀矿区 地表水 铀含量 核素污染 华东 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]