中国省级生态压力与生态效率综合评价——基于生态足迹方法  

A Comprehensive Evaluation of China's Provincial Ecological Pressure and Ecological Efficiency: Based on Ecological Footprint Method

作　　者：王俊杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学经济学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《当代财经》2016年第8期3-15,共13页Contemporary Finance and Economics

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目"中国能源税和能源价格的合理定位"(2015M581246);江西省教育厅科技项目"江西省生态环境及资源利用效率评价"(GJJ150454);国家社会科学基金青年项目"自然资源资产负债表编制研究"(15BGL043)

摘　　要：基于生态足迹方法测度了中国各省市1995-2013年的人均生态足迹及2009年的人均生态承载力。结果表明,绝大部分省市人均生态足迹均呈快速上升趋势,各省市人均生态足迹呈现较大的、不同于经济发展水平的差异。综合人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力发现,青海、云南、广西、黑龙江和甘肃生态压力很小,而天津、山西、上海、山东、辽宁和北京的生态压力很大;总体而言,发达地区的生态压力大于欠发达地区。绝大部分省市的生态效率均呈快速上升趋势,平均为年均上升5.6%。因素分解结果表明,总体上,生态效率的上升均是全要素生产率(TFP)增长的结果,要素替代的贡献为负。这说明我国对生态环境保护的重视程度仍不够。TFP的增长速度在加入WTO之后明显加快,但在2008年以后又明显下降。要素替代主要是在2001-2008年阶段负增长;从要素替代的角度看,西部地区对生态环境保护的重视程度最低,全国仅有北京、安徽、云南和辽宁四省市在各个阶段都表现出对生态环境保护的足够重视。This paper measures China＇s provincial ecological footprint per capita from 1995 to 2013 and the ecological capacity per capita in 2009 based on the ecological footprint method. The results show that the ecological footprint per capita of most provinces and cities presents a rapid upward trend. The ecological footprint per capita is different greatly from province to province and the differences are not the same as their economic development levels. It can be seen from the comprehensive ecological footprint per capita and the ecological capacity per capita that Qinghai, Yurman, Guangxi, Heilongjiang and Gansu are faced with lower ecological pressures, while Tianjin, Shanxi, Shanghai, Shandong, Liaoning and Beijing are faced with heavier ecological pressures. In general, the ecological pressure on the developed regions is greater than that on the underdeveloped regions. The ecological efficiency of most provinces shows a rapid upward trend, with an average annual increase of 5.6%. The factor decomposition results show that, on the whole, the increase of ecological efficiency is all the result of the increase in TFP, the contribution of factor substitution is negative. This illustrates that China has not paid enough emphasis on ecological environmental protection. The TFP growth rate increased significantly after China＇s entrance of WTO, but decreased after 2008. The negative growth of factor substitution mainly happened during the period of 2001-2008. From the perspective of factor substitution, the western region has paid least emphasis on ecological environmental protection, only the four provinces and cities, Beijing, Anhui, Yunnan and Liaoning, have paid enough attention to the ecological environmental protection in each stage.

关 键 词：生态环境评价 资源利用效率 生态足迹 TFP 要素替代 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]