小麦/玉米套作及其相应单作群体棵间土壤蒸发规律  

The Laws of Soil Evaporation from Wheat/Maize Intercropping and Monoculture

作　　者：张春晖[1,2] 吴普特[1,2] 赵西宁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第7期16-21,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B09);教育部;国家外国专家局"111"计划项目(B12007);西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干项目和基本科研业务费支助项目;旱区农业共性节水技术集成与示范(K303021301)

摘　　要：通过大田实验,对比分析河套灌区小麦/玉米套作与单作小麦、单作玉米棵间土壤蒸发的差异及其规律。结果表明,单作小麦、小麦/玉米套作和单作玉米的棵间土壤蒸发量占总耗水量的比例分别为28.8%、38.6%和29.9%;套作群体全生育期的棵间土壤蒸发量显著高于单作,且日均棵间土壤蒸发量为1.06 mm/d,高于单作小麦0.85 mm/d和单作玉米0.90 mm/d。不同生育期棵间土壤蒸发的日变化规律基本一致,峰值出现在中午12：00~14：00之间,不同种植模式下棵间蒸发占蒸散发的比例与叶面积指数均呈良好的指数关系,同时棵间土壤蒸发与表层土壤含水率均呈脉冲波动变化,且灌溉后波动幅度增大。Field experiment （consisting of sole wheat, sole maize and wheat/maize intercropping systems） was conducted in 2013 to investigate soil evaporation characteristics under the different cropping systems. Results showed that the ratios of evaporation to evapotranspiration （E/ET） under sole wheat, sole maize and wheat and maize intercropping were 28.8%, 38.6% and 29.9%, respectively. Total E of intercropping system was significant- ly higher than that of sole cropping systems, and daily E of intercropping system was 1.06 mm/d higher than 0.85 mm/d of sole wheat and 0.90 mm/d of sole maize. Diurnal variation ore in different periods were similar, and the peak occurred between 12：00 and 14：00. There was a good relationship with exponential function between E/ET and LAI. With different cropping patterns, E and soil surface water content presented pulse fluctuations, and the fluctuation increased rapidly after the irrigation.

关 键 词：河套灌区 小麦/玉米套作 棵间土壤蒸发 土壤含水率 叶面积指数 

分 类 号：S152.73[农业科学—土壤学]