论建筑承包人的瑕疵告知义务——以德国建筑私法为中心  

A Discussion on Defect-informing Obligation of a Construction Contractor: Centering on the Private Law of Germany on Construction

作　　者：黄喆[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,南京210096

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2016年第4期60-69,159,共10页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部国家留学基金2013年中德合作科研项目(PPP)

摘　　要：《德国民法典》承揽合同法中,建筑承包人的瑕疵告知义务可定位于依诚信原则而发生的附随义务。由于诚信原则的模糊特征,承包人的瑕疵告知义务尚需结合个案情境作必要的展开。承包人应检查而未检查、可以发现而没有发现瑕疵、发现瑕疵而没有告知的,均应承担不利的法律后果。对此,可以一个理性的承包人为参照,综合考虑合同确定的义务范围、承包人所应具备的通常专业水平、发包人的专业化程度,并同时受到"可苛求性"条件的限制作出判断。不履行瑕疵告知义务且建筑物有瑕疵,则建筑承包人不能免于承担瑕疵责任,其法律后果通常为消除瑕疵;如果瑕疵无法消除,则应承担相应的赔偿责任。德国审判实践中发展出的通行做法是适用于有过错规则,兼顾承包人违反告知义务的强度和发包人应负责的情势,确定在具体情况下双方损害的分担和各自赔偿义务的范围。In the Civil Code of Germany,defect-informing obligation of a construction contractor is seen as a tacit,though unwritten,obligation,based on one's credibility and integrity. Due to its fuzzy nature,defect-informing obligation of a contractor should be differently defined in different cases. A contractor is responsible for adverse legal consequence for failure of inspecting or disclosing possible defects. Therefore,taking a contractor with a clear mind as a frame of reference,a fault may be found when taking into consideration the scope of the obligations determined by a contract,the professionalism of a contractor,the degree of specialization of a developer and the restrictions that may be demanded. The consequence of non-disclosure and defective construction is that a construction contractor is never free of liability for defects and defect repair. Failure in repair will result in compensation. The rule of contributory liability is applicable in judicial practice in Germany,and the proportion of damage share and compensation offer is to be calculated after taking into account the seriousness of a contractor's violation of defect-informing obligation and a developer's responsibility.

关 键 词：建设工程合同 德国承揽合同法 瑕疵告知义务 义务限度 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD913D923.6