中国樱桃种质资源的考察、收集和评价  

Investigation, collection and preliminary evaluation of genetic resources of Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus(Lindl.) G. Don]

作　　者：陈涛[1] 李良 张静[1] 黄智林[1] 张洪伟[1] 刘胤[1] 陈清[1] 汤浩茹[1,3] 王小蓉[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,四川雅安625014 [2]四川省甘孜藏族自治州农技土肥站,四川康定626000 [3]四川农业大学果蔬研究所,成都611130

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第8期917-933,共17页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点培育专项(2011A005);国家自然科学基金(31272134)

摘　　要：【目的】较全面客观地掌握中国樱桃[Cerasus pseudocerasus(Lindl.)G.Don]种质的遗传资源现状。【方法】最近5a,我们对分布于我国12个省(市)66个县(市)106个乡镇的中国樱桃地方种质进行了实地考察,对主栽地重要资源的主要经济性状列表进行了比较评价。【结果】实地调查和主要农艺性状分析表明,中国樱桃地方种质适应性广,具有广泛的地理分布和多样化的生境,果实表型如颜色、形状和大小多样性丰富,大小介于0.95 cm/0.97 cm^1.92 cm/1.78 cm(横径/纵径),可溶性固形物含量11.90%~34.00%,其丰产性普遍较高。但调查涉及的106个乡镇的中国樱桃种质,约73%都属于小面积栽培或零星分布,且资源破坏和流失严重。【结论】基于现存分布现状和比较评价,提出了现存中国樱桃地方种质利用和保护策略,对考察采集的471份资源叶样,进行硅胶干燥室内保存,通过嫁接和实生繁殖对约200份优良种质进行田间保存,目前已有117份嫁接苗和49份种质的实生苗存活,其具体保存信息也做了列表说明。[Objective] Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus （Lindl.） G. Don] was originated in China, and has been cultivated for more than three thousand years. In order to clarify its distribution, utilization and genetic diversities, we investigated the Chinese cherry germplasms distributed in 106 towns of 66 counties in 12 provinces of the China, and assessed important economic traits of the main accessions in last five years. The resources collection and major economic traits assessment were also performed to some excellent accessions. We hope these results can provide reference for the efficient conservation and utilization of Chinese cherry landraces. [ Methods ] The investigation and collection of Chinese cherry re- sources were made in the ripenning period of the fruits each year from 2010 to 2015. Firstly, the preliminary investigation scope was determined according to the information from peers, literature and the Internet. Then, the roadmap was drawn based on the local climate characteristics and different maturity period. Finally, the survey sites were determined according to the records of literatures and consultation with the local farmers. In order to reflect the existing situation of Chinese cherry landraces objectively, the repre- sentative accessions were collected on the spot during the investigation. [ Results ] （a） Chinese cherry is widely situated in variable habitats with various topographies and landforms for its great adaptability. It is mainly distributed in the southwest and northern parts of China, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces, Yun-Gui plateau, Sichuan basin and northern China plain. Unfortunately, the number of genetic resources is decresing. The living situation seems an alarming rise of resources destruction. Landraces in many places run its own course, without any human management, and its distribution scales are also decreasing. For example, Linqu district （Shandong province）, Nayong district （Guizhou province） and Hanyuan district （Sichuan province） have plant

关 键 词：中国樱桃 资源调查收集 比较评价 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]