晚熟柑橘越冬保果新药剂筛选研究  

Screening of new reagents for preventing fruit-drop on late-maturing Citrus

作　　者：袁高鹏[1] 淳长品[1] 彭良志[1] 彭震宇[1] 习建龙 张梦娇[1] 朱春钊 付行政[1] 江才伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所.国家柑桔工程技术研究中心,重庆400712 [2]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第8期985-992,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27-02A);重庆市科委应用开发计划项目(cstc2013yykf A80012;cstc2014yykf A8003);重庆市‘121’科技支撑示范工程项目(cstc2014zktjccx BX0069;cstc2014zktjccxyy B0023;cstc2014jcsfglyjs0009);重庆市科委晚熟柑橘优质高效栽培技术研究与示范项目(cstc2013yykf A0107)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选防止晚熟柑橘冬季落果的新药剂。【方法】以‘塔罗科’血橙和‘清见’橘橙为供试品种,以2,4-D为药剂对照(TCK)、以只喷咪鲜胺和乳化剂为空白对照(CK),以前期试验初步筛选出的2甲4氯钠(T1)、2甲4氯二甲铵盐(T2)、2甲4氯苯氧乙酸(T3)为药剂处理,在冬季对试验树果实进行喷布,调查落果率,成熟采收时分析果实药剂残留及品质。【结果】与空白对照落果率(‘塔罗科’血橙为34.65%、‘清见’橘橙为82.52%)相比,4种药剂均能显著降低落果率,虽然T1、T2、T3落果率高于2,4-D,但它们之间无显著差异;无论是‘塔罗科’血橙还是‘清见’橘橙,4种药剂处理后果肉中的药剂残留量均远远低于果皮,T1、T2和T3在果肉中的药剂残留量明显低于2,4-D,且所有处理果皮和果肉的药剂残留量均在国家规定范围之内。各药剂处理间的果实品质多数指标无显著差异。【结论】T1、T2、T3有望作为2,4-D的替补药剂用于防止晚熟柑橘冬季落果,且农药残留更低。[ Objective ] Fruit drop is severe in late-maturing citrus varieties during winter anti early spring seasons. Therefore, how to address the fruit drop problem is very important for the late-maturing citrus in- dustry. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） is the best effective reagent preventing citrus preharvest drop, but the toxicity of 2,4-D residues has been a concern and also controversial for a long time, and 2,4- D has been limited or forbidden to be used on citrus fruits in many countries or regions. There are no sub- stitutes for controlling citrus preharvest drop. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the efficacy of some new reagents, which have a no or low toxicity to humans and animals, on preventing fruit-drop of the late-ma- turing citrus. [Methods]This experiment was executed at the Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during the 2014--2015 seasons. Seven year old ＇Tarocco＇ blood orange （Citrus sinensis ＇Tarocco＇） and ＇Kiyomi＇ tangor （Citrus sinensis x Citrus unshiu Marc.） growing under the same conditions were used as experimental materials, and fifty trees were divided into five test groups. Using 2, 4-D as a positive control （TCK）, the resistance of three preliminary screened chemicals [2- methyl- 4- chloro-sodium （T1）, 2-methyl-4-chloro-dimethgl amine salt （T2） and 2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy ace-tic acid （T3）] against citrus preharvest drop were investigated. Prochloraz and TritonX- 100 were used as a blank control （CK）. At four different times, sprays of reagents were applied to ＇Tarocco＇ blood orange and ＇Kiyomi＇ tangor every 20-30 days on sunny days from Nov. 2014 to Jan. 2015. The fruit drops of each tree were investigated every two weeks, and the dropped fruit were removed from the orchard. The fruit drops were divided into two types including physiological fruit drop and pathological fruit drop, and only the data of the physiological fruit drops were analyzed in this study. To evaluate mature fruit quality

关 键 词：晚熟柑橘 '塔罗科’血橙 '清见’橘橙 保果新药剂 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]