非理想条件下气象能见度的观测方法  

Meteorological Visibility Observation Method Under Non-Ideal Conditions

作　　者：李浩[1] 单陈华 胡帅[1] 王毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军理工大学气象海洋学院 [2]解放军第95871部队

出　　处：《光学学报》2016年第7期21-26,共6页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41575025)

摘　　要：为了提高非理想条件下气象能见度的观测精度,从大气光传输理论出发,提出了等效视感阈值和广义科西米德定律,建立了非理想条件下气象能见度观测的相对误差和修正系数计算公式,并模拟分析了非黑色目标在非水平天空背景条件下的气象能见度观测的相对误差和修正系数.结果表明:修正系数受目标反射率、背景反射率、目标与背景距离以及大气消光系数的共同影响,并呈现一定的规律性分布.为了满足观测业务的需求,非理想条件下气象能见度的观测结果需要修正,特别是当修正系数小于0.8时.In order to improve observation precision of the meteorological visibility under non-ideal conditions,the equivalent visual threshold and general Koschmieder′s law are put forward and demonstrated based on the atmospheric optical transmission theory.Under the non-ideal condition,the observation visibility formulas of relative error and the correction coefficient are established.The weather visibility relative error and the correction coefficient of the non-black targets are analyzed under the conditions of non-parallel level of the sky background.Results show that the correction coefficient of visibility observation is influenced by target reflectivity,background reflectivity,the distance between target and background and atmospheric extinction coefficient,and the distribution of correction coefficient has a certain regularity.In order to meet the needs of visibility observation business,the results of visibility observation under non-ideal conditions need to be modified,especially when the correction coefficient is less than 0.8.

关 键 词：大气光学 气象能见度 等效视感阈值 广义科西米德定律 观测误差 修正系数 

分 类 号：P412.17[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]