扎龙保护区湿地注水恢复期鸟类群落多样性  

Avian Community Diversity During the Restoration Stage After Wetland Irrigation in Zhalong Nature Reserve

作　　者：邹红菲[1] 朱井丽[1] 吴庆明[1] 金洪阳 韩伟 孔维尧[4] 徐岩[5] 许志铭[6] 高晓冬[7] 杨敏[1] 聂文龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江挠力河国家级自然保护区,富锦156300 [3]黑龙江省二龙山农场,五大连池164131 [4]吉林省林业科学研究院,长春130031 [5]江西省林业厅湿地保护管理办公室,南昌330039 [6]福州大学,福州350116 [7]曲阜师范大学,曲阜273165

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2016年第3期207-215,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(2572014CA05);国家自然科学基金(31470016;31401978);黑龙江省博士后科研启动金(LBH-Q14009)

摘　　要：为了了解特殊时期鸟类资源动态及积累基本的生物学信息,2005-2009年采用样线法、样方法、样点法对扎龙保护区湿地注水恢复期的鸟类群落进行了监测分析。结果显示：湿地注水恢复期,（1）扎龙保护区共记录鸟类14目43科191种;物种组成以雀形目、鹆形目、雁形目鸟类居多（72.78%）,其次为鹤形目、鹳形目、隼形目（17.28%）;区系分布以古北种和广布种为主体（98.43%）;居留型以夏候鸟占绝对优势（63.87%）,其次为旅鸟和留鸟（27.23%）;生态类群以鸣禽占绝对优势（45.03%）,其次是涉禽和游禽（42.93%）;绝大部分鸟种受到关注,19.37%的鸟种处于受胁状态,57.59%的鸟种已引起关注并被列入保护状态,18.85%的鸟种处于可利用状态,仅4.19%的鸟类未受到任何关注;（2）鸟类群落的多样性指数为1.419 7,均匀度指数为0.277 4。进一步分析表明,鸟类群落的基本组成符合东北鸟类分布和湿地特征的基本规律,湿地注水对扎龙保护区的鸟类群落具有积极的作用。基于研究结果,建议保护区尽量维持区内湿地的水需求。We investigated avian communities during the restoration stage after wetland irrigation in Zhalong National Nature Reserve along line transects,in sample plots,and at fixed points.We recorded 191 species birds of 14 orders and 43 families.Passeriformes,Charadriiformes and Anseriformes were dominant（73%）,then Gruiformes,Ciconiiformes and Falconiformes（17%）.Palaearctic and widespread species were dominant（98%）.Summer residents accounted for64%,followed by migrants and resident birds（27%）.Songbirds accounted for 45%,Grallatores and Natatores accounted for 43%.Most of the bird species were of conservation concern in China：19%were endangered,58%were protected,19%can be utilized,and only 4%of them were not of conservation concern.Species diversity（α-diversity）was 1.419 7 and evenness was0.277 4.The basic indices of avian communities at Zhalong accorded with the distribution and character of avian communities in northeast China wetlands.Wetland irrigation had a positive effect on avian communities at Zhalong National Nature Reserve.Based on our analyses,we recommend that nature reserve should maintain the water level requirement to maintain wetlands within the nature reserve.

关 键 词：群落基本组成 物种多样性 湿地注水恢复期 扎龙保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]