论清政府对新疆维吾尔地区伯克制度的政策演变  

Research on the Evolution of the Central Government's Polices on the Burke System in Xinjiang Uygur Region in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：杨亚雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第4期110-114,共5页Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"古丝绸之路与丝绸之路经济带民族关系比较研究"(14XMZ002);重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院人类学研究中心"中国人类学博士论文田野调查奖助金"(TYJZJ2015)

摘　　要：伯克制度是清代新疆建省前主要流行于新疆天山以南维吾尔地区的一种官制,其种类繁多,功能各异。清朝统一天山南北后,对既有的伯克制度予以保留,并结合实际地进行了改革,促进了当地社会经济的发展。随着新疆内外部环境的变化,伯克制度的弊端暴露无遗,对清政府继续治理新疆形成了障碍。伯克制度不合时宜,将之废除已成必然。新疆建省后清政府正式宣布废除这一羁縻制度。有清一代,中央政府对回疆伯克制度的政策从保留到改革再到废除,治边思想从"因俗而治"到"改土归流"再到"一体化",清朝中央对伯克制度的政策演变是内外部环境综合作用的结果。基本上顺应了当地社会发展的趋势,顺应了历史发展的潮流。Burke system is a official system which was mainly popular in Xinjiang Uyghur region in Qing dynasty before Xinjiang Province established,and it has variety and different functions.After the Qing dynasty unified the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains,the existing Burke system was retained with reform in some respects,which promoted the development of local social economy.With the change of the internal and external environment of Xinjiang,Burke system exposed the drawbacks;it became the barrier to continual Xinxiang＇s governance by Qing dynasty because the system is out of date,and it is inevitable to abolish it.The establishment of Xinjiang province after the Qing government officially announced the abolition of the loose control system.In Qing dynasty,the central government＇s policies on Xinjiang＇s Burke system change from reservation to reform and to abolishment,the ideas about governing the region changed from ＂due to local original rule＂to＂combination of local and popular＂and to＂integration＂.The evolution of the policies on Burke system is the result of comprehensive change of internal and external environment.Basically conform to the trend of the development of the local society and historical development.

关 键 词：清朝 维吾尔 伯克制度 演变 

分 类 号：D691.72[政治法律—政治学]