长江口东滩湿地东北水域鱼类群落种类组成和丰度的季节变化  

Seasonal changes of fish community composition and abundance in the northeast Dongtan Wetland in the Yangtze Estuary

作　　者：张衡[1,2] 杨胜龙[1] 张胜茂[1] 康伟[1] 吴祖立[1] 全为民[1] 阮超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2016年第4期374-382,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLEC-KF201403);上海市自然科学基金(15ZR1450000);国家自然基金面上项目(31170508)

摘　　要：根据2013年3—11月对长江口东滩潮间带湿地鱼类群落的监测数据，分析了该区域鱼类群落物种组成和丰度的季节变化。研究共采集到鱼类39种，隶属20科。结果表明，种类最多的科是虾虎鱼科（12种），其次是鲲科（4种），再次是石首鱼科（3种），而鲻科、海鳗科、舌鳎科等各有2种。从鱼类丰度水平来看，夏季最高，达97．05ind·（net·tide）-1；春季次之，为32．80ind·（net·tide）-1；而秋季最低，为14．00ind·（net·tide）-1。总体来说，石首鱼科的大黄鱼（Larimichthyscrocea）、虾虎鱼科的拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼（Odontamblyopuslacepedii）和孔虾虎鱼（Trypauchenvagina）、舌鳎科的窄体舌鳎（CynoglOSSILSgracilis）和焦氏舌鳎（Cynoglossusjoyneri）等鱼类为优势种，而龙头鱼（Harpodonnehereus）、短鳍虫鳗（Muraenichthyshattae）、鲫（Carassiusauratuz）等16种为偶见种。约67％的鱼类种类均为幼体，仅偶见中颌棱鲲（Thr~samystax）、光泽黄颡鱼（Peheobagrusnitidus）、小黄鱼（Larimichthyspolyactis）、中华刺鳅（Mastacembelussinensis）等4种鱼类均为成体。从生态类群来看，约38．5％鱼种为河口咸淡水鱼类，约25．6％为海洋鱼类，约23．1％为河口过渡种，仅12．8％为淡水鱼类。春、夏、秋季的物种丰富度指数（D）呈逐渐增加趋势，而Pielous种类均匀度指数（J）均很低，为0．41—0．67；春、秋季Shannon—weaver指数（H’）相差不大，分别为1．3和1．2，而夏季H’值最高，为2．2。根据等级聚类分析，鱼类群落在36％的Bray—Curtis相似性水平上将春季和夏季的样方聚为一组（A组），秋季的样方聚为一组（B组）。SIMPER过程分析结果表明，A、B组间种类组成的平均相异性为83．89％，34种（包括鉴定到科、属的种类）鱼类对平均相异性的累积贡献率〉90％，主要贡献率来自孔虾虎鱼、大黄鱼、艘（LizahaematocheiBased on surveys of fishes in the intertidal waters of the Dongtan Wetland in the Yangtze Estuary from March to November in 2013, we analyzed seasonal changes in species composition and abundance of fish community in this area. The results showed that 39 fish species belonging to 20 families were collated in the samples. In these families, Gobiidae has the largest number of species （12 species）, Engraulidae followed （4 species）and then the Seiaenidae （3 species） while Mugilidae, Muraenesocidae and Cynoglossidae only had 2 species. In summer the fish abundance was 97.05 ind ·（ net · tide） - 1, while in spring and autumn it was 32. 80 and 14. 00 ind ·（net · tide）-5, respectively. In summary, the dominant species of fish community were Larimichthys crocea belonging to Sciaenidae, Odontamblyopus lacepedii and Trypauchen vagina（ belonging to Gobiidae ）, Cynoglossus gracilis and Cynoglossus joyneri （belonging to Cynoglossidae ）, etc. But 16 species were only occasional species, such as Harpodon nehereus, Muraenichthys hattae and Carassius auratus. About 67% fish species were young individuals and only 4 species were all adult individuals, such as Thrissa mystax ,Pelteobagrus nitidus , Larimichthys polyactis ,Mastacembelus sinensis. From the ecological guilds, 38.5% of species were brackish water fishes, 25.6% were marine fishes, while 23.1% and 12.8% were estuarine transient species and freshwater species, respectively. The Margalef＇ species richness index （D）increased gradually from spring to autumn, while the Pielous＇ type evenness index （J） was low （0.41 -0.67）. The Shannon-weaver index （H＇） in spring and autumn was 1.3 and 1.2, but in summer the index value was higher （2.2） than that of other seasons. Based on the analysis of group average cluster, the fish community was divided into two groups in the 36% of Bray-Curtis similarity lever, such as spring/summer samples （A group） and autumn samples （B group）. The SIMPER analyzed that the average dissimi

关 键 词：长江口 鱼类群落 物种组成 季节变化 

分 类 号：Q958.15[生物学—动物学]