环状RNA的研究进展  

Progress in research on circular RNA

作　　者：马翔[1,2] 任秀智[3] 刘军龙[3] 鲁艳芹[1,2] 韩金祥[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]济南大学山东省医学科学院医学与生命科学学院,山东济南250022 [2]山东省医药生物技术研究中心山东省医学科学院,山东济南250062 [3]天津市武清区人民医院,天津301700

出　　处：《中国生物制品学杂志》2016年第8期881-884,889,共5页Chinese Journal of Biologicals

摘　　要：环状RNA(circular RNA,circ RNA)是广泛存在于各种生物体中一类区别于传统线性RNA的新型形式,是特殊的内源性RNA分子,并具有调控基因表达的作用。circ RNA首次在RNA病毒中被发现。近年来,研究人员在人、鼠、线虫、植物、古生菌生物体内发现存在大量circ RNA。在真核生物体中,大部分circ RNA是由外显子构成,富集在胞浆中,并具有牢固的环状结构,大量存在于真核转录组中,具有良好的物种保守性以及组织特异性,不易被核酸酶裂解。研究发现,circ RNA可作为一类新型的竞争性内源RNA分子(competing endogenous RNA,ce RNA)调节物,发挥RNA海绵功能,竞争性抑制micro RNA(mi RNA)的表达,阻断mi RNA对其靶基因表达的抑制作用。目前发现,circ RNA在肿瘤、阿兹海默症等疾病的发生上起重要作用,其作为新型临床诊断标记物具有明显的优势。本文就circ RNA的研究进展作一综述。Circular RNA（circRNA） is a new form of RNA in a wide variety of organisms. Different from the traditional linear RNA, it is a special endogenous RNA molecule and has the function of regulating gene expression. The circRNA was firstly found in RNA virus. A large quantity of circRNA have been found in human, rat, nematode, plant and archaea recently. In eukaryotic organisms, most of the circRNA consist of exons. circRNA is enriched in cytoplasm and have a strong ring structure, and a large quantity of circRNA are formed in the eukaryotic transcription group. With high specie conservation and tissue specificity, circRNA are not easy to be cleaved with nuclease. circRNA may be used as a novel competing endogenous RNA which plays a role of RNA sponge to inhibit the expression of miRNAs and block the inhibitory effect of miRNAs on the expression of its target gene. Study found that circRNA played an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer, Alzheimer disease and other diseases. This paper reviews the progress in research on circRNA.

关 键 词：环状RNA分子 微小RNA分子 微小RNA分子海绵 可变剪接 

分 类 号：Q522[生物学—生物化学]