不同农业废弃物还田对土壤碳排放及碳固定的影响  

Effects of Different Agricultural Residues on Soil Carbon Emission and Carbon Fixation

作　　者：刘昊[1] 曹国军[1] 耿玉辉[1] 叶青[1] 王振华[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第3期239-243,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B05;2011BAD16B10-2;2012BAD04B02-2)

摘　　要：在玉米生长季,采用静态箱法,在氮磷钾等养分量(N 240kg/hm^2,P2O5100kg/hm^2,K2O 120kg/hm^2)的条件下,研究秸秆、牛粪、鸡粪与化肥配施还田,对土壤CO_2排放及碳固定的影响。研究结果表明:施肥促进土壤CO_2排放,其中100%秸秆粉碎还田配施化肥(S1)对土壤CO_2排放的促进作用最为明显,平均排放通量达389.0mg/(m^2·h);其次为单施化肥(S4)。S1、S2、S3和S4处理在6,7,8三个月份CO_2平均排放通量表现为S4>S1>S3>S2,分别占整个生长季排放总量的80.1%,78.9%,78.8%和83.7%,表明单施化肥处理(S4)在玉米生长旺季CO_2排放通量最高达624.9mg/(m^2·h)。各施肥处理在玉米生长季出现2个CO_2排放高峰阶段,与2次氮肥(尿素)追施密切相关,2次追施氮肥后CO_2排放通量平均值均表现为S4>S1>S3>S2,表明用农业废弃物中的氮部分代替化肥氮,可减少CO_2排放量。50%牛粪有机氮还田配施50%化肥氮(S2),能明显提高土壤有机碳含量。50%鸡粪有机氮还田配施50%化肥氮(S3)可明显提高玉米各器官及植株含碳量,其中S3处理植株含碳量最高为9.59t/hm^2,促进玉米碳固定;而100%秸秆粉碎还田配施化肥氮(S1),并不能提高玉米各器官及植株含碳量,甚至低于单施化肥(S4)。In maize growth season, this study adopted the static method, such as NPK keep weight （N 240 kg/hm^2, P2O5 100 kg/hm^2, 120 kg K20/hm^2） conditions, straw, cow muck, chicken manure and chemical fertilizer were studied with soil and its influence on soil CO2 emissions and carbon fixation. The results showed that the fertilizer promoted the soil COe emissions, 100% straw crushing returning NPK fertilizers （S1） promoting effect of soil CO2 emissions was most obvious, the average emission flux was 389.0 mg/（m^2·h）, followed by chemical fertilizer fertilization （S4）. The average CO2 emission flux of S1, S2, S3 and S4 handling in 6, 7, 8 month manifested as S4〉S1〉S3〉S2, accounted for 80.1%, 78.9%, 78.8% and 78.9% of total emissions throughout the growing season. It showed that CO2 emission flux of fertilization of chemical fertilizer treatment （S4） in the maize growth season reached to 624.9 mg/m^2·h. Various fertilizer treatments on maize growth season had two CO2 emissions peak stage, was closely related to the two nitrogen fertilizer （urea） topdressing. After twice topdressing nitrogen, CO2 flux values showed S4〉S1〉S3〉S2, showed that use agricultural waste of nitrogen instead of nitrogen fertilizer, could reduce CO2 emissions. 50% cattle manure organic nitrogen application in the field with 50% nitrogen fertilizer （S2） could obviously increase soil organic carbon content. 50% chicken manure organic nitrogen application in the field with 50% nitrogen fertilizer （S3） could obviously improve the maize organs and plant carbon content, among them, the S3 processing plant carbon content up to 9.59 t/hm^2 , promoted the corn carbon fixation. While 100% straw crushing returning NPK fertilizer nitrogen （S1） did not improve maize organs and plant carbon content, and even lower than that of single chemical fertilizer （S4）.

关 键 词：农业废弃物 碳排放 碳固定 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X82