新疆几种典型肉牛舍冬季舍内环境影响因素研究  

Study on the environmental influencing factors in several typical indoor barns for beef cattle in Xinjiang in winter

作　　者：马娟[1] 张杰[1] 郭忠羽 李浩[1] 孔令卓 苏剑[1] 冯斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所/农业部林果棉与设施农业装备科学观测试验站,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆库尔勒市培训中心,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016年第8期8-14,19,共8页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD47B03);新疆农业科学院青年基金项目(xjnkq-2015014)

摘　　要：为了给圈舍优化设计及现有圈舍的通风系统改造提供理论依据,试验以新疆常见的双坡式牛舍、塑膜暖棚牛舍、拱顶式牛舍为研究对象,主要从温度、湿度,有害气体H2S、NH3,温室气体CO2几个方面研究确定新疆不同牛舍冬季舍内环境影响因素。通过试验检测,比较和分析不同时间、舍内不同高度时,主要环境影响因素温湿度、有害气体、温室气体的变化情况。结果表明:针对三种牛舍屋顶结构不同,所起到冬季保温效果不同,几种牛舍内以及牛舍外即养殖场CO2浓度差异较大、牛舍内不同高度温度、CO2浓度存在分层。舍内湿度与温度数值变化相反,温度越高,湿度越低。说明新疆三种典型牛舍内最低温度均在0℃以上,能够满足肉牛生产环境温度要求;针对试验用三种屋顶结构,牛舍屋顶结构不同,所起到冬季保温效果不同;牛舍内热量分布不均匀;新疆几种典型牛舍内湿度都较高,是环境调控核心问题;舍内湿度与温度数值变化相反,温度越高,湿度越低;牛舍内不同高度CO2浓度有所变化,但变化规律因牛舍屋顶结构和采用通风方式而异;三种牛舍内NH3、H2S气体浓度全天所有高度范围内数值远低于标准值,不是主要环境影响因素,环境调控时可以不进行考虑。新疆南北疆气候条件差别较大。To provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of barns and reforming ventilation system of barns, three common barns in Xin- jiang were selected as research objects, ＂including dual - slop barn, warm shed with plastic film, vaulted barn. The indoor environmental factors in different barns in Xinjiang in winter were determined based on the study from the different aspects, such as temperature, humidity, harmful gases hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and ammonia （NH3 ）, greenhouse gas carbon dioxide （CO2 ）. The changes of the main environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, harmful gases, and greenhouse gas in different time and different barn heights were compared and analyzed through test detection. The results showed that in view of the different roof structures of the three barns, the heat preservation effects in winter were different. There were big differences in CO2 concentration in several indoor barns and outdoor barns in the farms, and CO2 concentration was delaminated due to different height and temperature in the barns. Numerical changes in humidity and temperature were opposite, the higher the temperature, the lower the humidity. The results indicate that the minimum temperatures in the three kinds of typical barns were 0 ℃, which can meet the requirements of environment temperature for beef cattle production; in view of three kinds of roof structures, the barn roof structure is different, the heat preservation effects in winter are different due to different roof structures in the barns; the heat distribution of in- door barns is uneven; the humidity in several typical indoor barns is higher in Xinjiang, which is a core problem in environmental regulation; numerical changes in humidity and temperature is opposite, the higher the temperature, the humidity is lower ; CO2 concentration changes due to different height in the barns, but the change rule varies due to the barn roof structure and using ventilation ways ; the values for the gas con- centrations of NH3 and H2 S are fa

关 键 词：双坡式牛舍 塑膜暖棚牛舍 拱顶式牛舍 环境 分层 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S815.9[农业科学—畜牧兽医]