围产后期奶牛的血液生化指标特征  

Blood biochemical indices of dairy cows in late of perinatal

作　　者：徐闯[1] 于洪江[1] 沈泰钰 张子扬[1] 高三思 朱奎玲 黄宝银 杨威[1] 巩和秋 于延海 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]哈尔滨完达山奶牛养殖有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150528

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2016年第8期1387-1392,共6页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31372625);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAD21B01);霍英东教育基金资助项目(141021);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(1252-NCET-003)

摘　　要：本试验旨在通过对围产后期奶牛进行血液生化指标检测，探讨奶牛血液生化指标的变化规律以及与疾病相关指标的发生特点，为围产后期奶牛产后保健提供理论依据。试验选择年龄、体况、胎次相近的二胎以上无疾病史的健康奶牛30头，于分娩＇-3天（0d），产后1，2，3，7，14，21d清晨饲喂前尾静脉采血10mL，分离血清进行血液生化指标p羟丁酸（BHBA）、游离脂肪酸（NEFA）、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、葡萄糖（GLU）、血钙（Ca2＋）、血磷（P3＋）和血镁（Mg2＋）的检测。结果显示：在试验期内30头试验奶牛脂肪肝的发病率为46．7％，酮病的发病率为40．0％，低血钙的发病率为33．3％；血液中NEFA的浓度在分娩当天最低为（0．33±0．17）mmol／L，与产后7，14，21d差异极显著（P〈0.01），血清中NEFA浓度从产后1d逐步升高。奶牛分娩当天血糖浓度最高为（6．40士1．55）mmol／L，与产后1，2，3，7，14和21天的血糖浓度差异极显著（P〈0．01），奶牛产后在7～21d时，血液中BHBA浓度逐步升高，其中第21dBHBA浓度最高为（0．84±0．68）mmol／L，与0，1，2和3dBHBA浓度差异极显著P〈0．0l。分娩当天Ca2＋浓度为（2．29±0．31）mmol／L，与其他各天差异极显著P％0．01。产后0d起，血清中P”浓度逐步升高，其中0d相对于3，7，14，21d差异极显著P〈0．01。血清中Mg2＋浓度产后1d最低为（1．56±0．42）mmol，／L，0d血清Mg2＋浓度与产后1，2，3，7，14，21d血清Mg2＋浓度差异极显著P％0．01，产后1～21d血清Mg2＋浓度逐步升高，并处于平稳趋势。结果表明，该牛场奶牛产后营养代谢性疾病发病率较高，应加强对围产期奶牛的饲养管理及保健，对于集约化高产奶牛场应制定合理的保健方案，通过饲料添加剂对分娩牛保健，来预防围产期常见营养代谢性疾病。The purpose of this study was to reveal the regular changes in the blood biochemical indi- ces and characterizes of the indicators related to diseases of dairy cows in the late perinatal of dairy cows. Thirty cows with similar relative body quality,body condition,age and parity were selected. Blood samples were collected from the vena caudalis mediana before morning feeding and milking on the day 0,1,2,3,7,14,21 postpartum, for analysis of β- hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, free fatty acid （NEFA）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, glucose （GLU）, calcium （Caz＋ ）, phosphorus （p3＋） and magnesium Mg2＋. The results showed that the incidence of fatty liver was 46.72% ,the and there were significant differences between those in the day in 1,2,3,7,14 and 21 （P〈0.01）. The concentration of Glu was gradually increased between 7 d and 21 d. The calcium content is （2.29±0.31） mmol/L,and there was significantly difference after 0d of parturition. There were also significantly differences between 3,7,14 and 21 d compared with 0d. And phosphorus content was gradually increased. The magnesium content was （1.56±0.42） mmol/L,which was the low- est compared with 1,2,3,7,14 and 21 d. There are significant difference between the 0 d and after parturition P%0.01. The results indicated that there was a high prevalence of the nutritional and metabolic diseases after parturition;awareness of management of feeding and health care during the perinatal should be strengthen. In addition,a reasonable program by feed additives for intensive high-yielding dairy farm to prevent the common nutritional and metabolic diseases should be set.

关 键 词：奶牛 生化指标 围产后期 营养代谢病 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]