基于超声导波的钢轨完整性检测方法研究  

Study on the railway integrity monitoring method based on ultrasonic guided waves

作　　者：朱力强[1] 许西宁[1] 余祖俊[1] 史红梅[1] 段翔宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2016年第7期1603-1609,共7页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61134003);中央高校基本科研业务费(2016RC004)项目资助

摘　　要：检测无缝线路钢轨的完整性对于保障高速铁路的安全运营具有重要的意义。本文提出了基于超声导波实现无缝线路完整性检测的技术方案,设计了功能样机,并进行了实际线路测试。首先,基于半解析有限元方法求解得到了我国无缝线路CHN60钢轨中超声导波的频散曲线,通过分析频率、模态数量、振型等信息选取了适于检测钢轨完整性的导波模态,采用激励响应求解方法确定了所选取模态的激励点和激励方向;根据理论获取的数据信息,在环形道试验现场进行了实际测试,在钢轨轨腰中心安装导波换能器,沿着钢轨纵向激励,可以激励出选取的导波模态,并通过衰减曲线测试,该模态在两公里处可以接收到2 m V以上的信号。经在大西高速铁路现场测试,系统可实现2 km区间的无缝线路钢轨完整性的在线监测。On-line monitoring the integrity of continuous welded rails（ CWR） in real time has great significance for the safe operation of high-speed rail. In this paper,a technical scheme for monitoring the integrity of CWR based on ultrasonic guided waves is proposed,a functional prototype was designed and the field experiment on the prototype system was performed on a high-speed railway. Firstly,a semi-analytical finite element method is adopted to acquire the ultrasonic guided wave dispersion curves in CHN60 rail. Through analyzing the frequency,mode numbers and vibration type,the guided-wave mode suitable for monitoring the railway integrity is selected. The exciting position and direction of the selected mode are determined through analyzing the results of stimulation and response. The field test was conducted in Beijing circular railway and Datong-Xi＇an high-speed railway. In the test,the ultrasonic guided wave transducer is installed in the center of the rail waist,which excites the selected mode longitudinally along the rail. Through attenuation curve test,it is proved that this mode has long propagation distance; at 2 km away from the transducer,the received signals can reach above 2 m V; the proposed method can achieve the online railway integrity monitoring of the CWR in 2 km region.

关 键 词：钢轨完整性 超声导波 半解析有限元 模态 激励响应 

分 类 号：TB553[理学—物理] TH878[理学—声学]