中国农业机械化水平区域差异的测度及其空间格局  

Measurement and spatial distribution of Chinese agricultural mechanization levels regional difference

作　　者：王盛安[1] 张荣群[1] 艾东[2] 李问盈[3] 孙玮健 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京市100083 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京市100193 [3]中国农业大学工学院,北京市100083

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2016年第8期223-228,251,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(20131100201)--双向压力下土地利用格局优化技术研究

摘　　要：基于2004～2013年中国农业机械动力的统计数据,通过改进后的GINI系数分解法分析不同因子的差异贡献大小,可知大中型机械对农业机械化水平区域差异扩大的作用较为显著,有助于促进农业机械化水平的提高;将不同因子的差异贡献大小分解为结构性贡献和集中性贡献,由于大中型拖拉机动力在拖拉机总动力的比重增加较快,远大于集中性效应的影响,对区域差异扩大的贡献为正,而小型拖拉机比重不断下降且比重变化贡献值均为负数,对区域差异扩大的贡献为负。以省级行政区划为统计单元制作2007～2012年我国各地区农业机械化水平专题图,探究农业机械化水平的区域分布特征和发展不平衡性：北方农业机械化水平高于南方,东中部农业机械化水平高于西部。在上述分析的基础上,对我国农业机械化发展提出政策性建议。According to statistics gathered from 2004~2013on Chinese agricultural mechanical power,the level of mechanization in the field of agriculture has been steadily increasing.Superior analysis of soil and decomposition through use of the GINI coefficient has resulted in numerous factors being discovered where farming is concerned,all of them are being accounted for through the use of medium to large sized machinery.The factors are divided into structural and concentration contributions,and since the tractors being used are sized from medium to large a large amount of power is then used as a result,with the total power being used by the tractors exceeding the factors that are judged to be part of the＂concentration＂contributions.It has a positive influence on regional economy of this machinery,and as a result the use of low level machinery such as small tractors is on the decline.Contribution factors,on the other hand,have very little influence on regional differences.At the provincial level,as far as administrative divisions are concerned,statistics collected from 2007 to 2012created a thematic map that described the progress of agricultural mechanization.If this map is examined,one would find that agricultural mechanization has occurred most heavily to the south,to a lesser extent in the north and central districts and least of all in the west.Finally,offer some political suggestions based on the above analysis.

关 键 词：农业机械化 因子分解 基尼系数 区域差异 分级统计 

分 类 号：S22[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S23[农业科学—农业工程]