钾肥用量对甬优籼粳杂交稻物质积累及其产量的影响  

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Rate on Biomass Accumulation and Grain Yield of Yongyou Japonica/indica Hybrids Series

作　　者：韦还和 孟天瑶 李超 史天宇 马荣荣 王晓燕 杨筠文[4] 张洪程 戴其根 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 郭保卫 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]浙江省宁波市农业科学院作物研究所,浙江宁波315101 [3]浙江省宁波市种子公司,浙江宁波315101 [4]浙江省宁波市鄞州区农业技术服务站,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《作物学报》2016年第8期1201-1214,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102);农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231);宁波市重大科技项目(2013C11001);江苏省重点研发项目(BE2015340);扬州大学研究生创新培养计划项目(KYLX15_1371);扬州大学科技创新培育基金(2015CXJ042);基于模型与GIS的高邮市小麦精确管理和诊断调控技术的开发与示范推广项目(SXGC[2013]248)资助~~

摘　　要：为探究甬优籼粳杂交稻的适宜钾肥用量及其对产量的影响,以籼粳杂交稻甬优12和甬优538为试材,设不同钾肥用量（0、75、150、225、300 kg hm–2）的大田试验。结果表明：（1）与对照（0 kg hm–2）相比,两年中施钾处理使甬优12增产9.2%~14.0%,甬优538增产9.8%~15.0%,以钾肥用量225 kg hm–2处理的产量最高。施钾处理显著增加了群体有效穗数和每穗粒数。（2）随钾肥用量的增加,拔节、抽穗和成熟期的植株干物重和叶面积指数均增加,拔节至抽穗期阶段的干物质积累量和光合势、抽穗至成熟期阶段光合势亦递增;抽穗至成熟期干物重呈先增后降趋势,以钾肥用量225 kg hm–2处理最高。（3）与对照（0 kg hm–2）相比,施钾处理显著增加了花后各时期的剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率以及根系伤流强度。（4）与对照（0 kg hm–2）相比,施钾处理显著增加了拔节、抽穗和成熟期氮素和钾素吸收量。随钾肥用量增加,植株抽穗至成熟期的氮素和钾素积累量呈先增后降趋势,以钾肥用量225 kg hm–2处理下最高。施钾处理下,钾素偏生产力、钾素籽粒生产率和钾素农艺效率均随钾素用量的增加而降低。In order to investigate proper potassium application rate and its effects on growth and grain yield for Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids series, a field experiment was conducted using Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 538 with five treatments of 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha–1 potassium application. Results indicated that compared with check treatment（0 kg ha–1）, potassium application increased yield by 9.2-14.0% for Yongyou 12, and 9.8-15.0% for Yongyou 538. In both years, the highest yield of Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 538 was both achieved at potassium application rate of 225 kg ha–1. Potassium application significantly increased number of panicles and spikelets per panicle. With the increase of potassium application rate, leaf area index and plant dry matter weight at jointing, heading, and maturity stages, as well as leaf area duration and dry matter accumulation from jointing to heading, and leaf area duration from heading to maturity were increased synchronously. Dry matter accumulation of plant from heading to maturity increased firstly and decreased then with the increase of potassium application rate, and the highest dry matter accumulation was achieved at potassium application rate of 225 kg ha–1. Compared with check treatment（0 kg ha–1）, potassium application increased SPAD value, photosynthetic rate, and root blending rate from heading to maturity. Compared with check treatment（0 kg ha–1）, potassium application increased significantly nitrogen and potassium absorption at jointing, heading, and maturity stage. Nitrogen and potassium accumulation from heading to maturity was increased firstly and decreased then with the increase of potassium application rate, and the highest nitrogen and potassium accumulation was achieved at potassium application rate of 225 kg ha–1. K partial productivity, internal nutrient efficiency in K, and K agronomy efficiency all decreased with the increase of potassium application rate.

关 键 词：钾肥 甬优籼粳交杂交稻 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]