亚适宜温光环境下不同硝铵比营养液对黄瓜幼苗生长、氮吸收和代谢的影响  

Effects of different NO_3^--N/NH_4^+-N ratios on cucumber seedlings growth,nitrogen absorption and metabolism under suboptimal temperature and light intensity

作　　者：张小翠[1] 刘玉梅[2] 白龙强[1] 贺超兴[1] 于贤昌[1] 李衍素[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081 [2]菏泽学院园林工程系,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第8期2527-2534,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31101583;31272212);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25-C-01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203005);农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室项目资助~~

摘　　要：以‘中农26’黄瓜为试材,研究亚适宜温光(18℃/10℃,180±20μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))下不同硝铵比(26∶2、21∶7和14∶14)营养液对黄瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.结果表明:硝铵比为21∶7处理的黄瓜总根长最长、根体积和根表面积最大、根尖数最多;根中H+-ATPase活性最高;硝态氮转运蛋白(NRT)和铵转运蛋白(AMT)基因表达量也升高,提高了根系的氮吸收能力;叶中硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性较高,提高了体内氮代谢能力,使黄瓜氮含量和干物质积累显著增加.亚适宜温光下,营养液中硝铵比为21∶7时,黄瓜幼苗干质量分别比26∶2和14∶14处理增加14.0%和19.3%.亚适宜温光下,可通过调整营养液中硝铵比,提高黄瓜氮吸收与代谢能力,缓解亚适宜温光对黄瓜幼苗的不利影响,促进黄瓜生长.Cucumber（ cv. Zhongnong 26） was used as material,the effects of NO_3^--N / NH_4~＋-N ratios on growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings under suboptimal temperature and light intensity（ 18 ℃ / 10 ℃,180 ± 20 μmol·m^（-2）·s^（-1）） were studied. Total nitrogen in the nutrient solution was equal and three NO3--N / NH4＋-N ratios,26： 2,21： 7 and 14： 14,were applied as treatments. The results showed that cucumber treated by NO_3^--N / NH_4~＋-N = 21： 7 had the longest total root length,the biggest root volume and root surface area,and the maximum number of root tips. H＋-ATPase activity and relative expression of genes encoding nitrate transporter（ NRT）and ammonium transporter（ AMT） in cucumber roots were increased significantly by the treatment of NO_3^--N / NH_4~＋-N = 21： 7. In addition,nitrate reductase（ NR）,glutamine synthetase（ GS） and glutamate synthase（ GOGAT） in cucumber leaves under the treatment of NO_3^--N / NH_4~＋-N = 21： 7were higher. As a result,the nitrogen content and biomass of cucumber were significantly increased.Compared with the plants under the treatment of NO_3^--N / NH_4~＋-N = 26： 2 or 14： 14,cucumber seedlings under the treatment of NO_3^--N / NH_4~＋-N = 21： 7 had the highest biomass and total dry mass（ DM） which were increased by 14.0% and 19.3% respectively under suboptimal temperature and light intensity. In conclusion,under suboptimal environmental conditions,NO_3^--N / NH_4~＋-N ratio could be adjusted to increase nitrogen absorption and metabolism of cucumber and alleviate the detrimental effects caused by suboptimal conditions and promoted the cucumber growth.

关 键 词：黄瓜 硝铵比 氮吸收 氮代谢 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]