面部烧伤后瘢痕的美学整复策略及疗效  

Aesthetic reconstruction strategy for postburn facial scar and its clinical effect

作　　者：马显杰[1] 李威扬[1] 刘超华[1] 李杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学西京医院全军整形外科研究所,西安710032

出　　处：《中华烧伤杂志》2016年第8期469-473,共5页Chinese Journal of Burns

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81171826、81272117）

摘　　要：目的探讨面部烧伤后瘢痕的美学整复策略及疗效。方法2000年1月-2015年12月，笔者单位收治342例面部烧伤后瘢痕患者。根据瘢痕部位及面积，选择局部或胸三角扩张皮瓣整复。鼻背、下睑区瘢痕采用额部扩张皮瓣整复；颊部、颏部、下颌缘区瘢痕，宽度在5cm以内采用局部扩张皮瓣整复；颊部、颏部、下颌缘区瘢痕宽度大于5cm或瘢痕挛缩较重致口、鼻、眼移位明显，松解后创面宽度大于5cm者，则采用胸三角扩张皮瓣整复。本组82例应用局部扩张皮瓣整复，瘢痕面积6．0cm×2．5cm～15．0cm×10．0cm；260例应用胸三角扩张皮瓣整复，瘢痕面积8．0cm×7．0cm～38．0cm×13．0cm。2～6个月预扩张完成后，首先切除面部瘢痕并充分松解，根据缺损面积及形状设计局部皮瓣转移方式及带蒂转移胸三角扩张皮瓣的面积。胸三角皮瓣转移后3周行延迟手术，又1周后行断蒂术，蒂部组织整复面部剩余瘢痕。术后对供受区切口瘢痕应用抗瘢痕药物、激光干预及弹性织物等。结果82例采用局部扩张皮瓣整复的患者中40例随诊3～12个月，皮瓣色泽、质地佳；2008年之前有19例患者出现切口轻度瘢痕增生，自2008年开始采用激光干预，瘢痕增生病例明显减少。260例采用胸三角扩张皮瓣整复患者中90例随诊3～12个月，皮瓣色泽、质地佳；15例患者扩张器自切口处外露，但未影响后续治疗；9例单侧皮瓣尖端血运障碍，换药后自行愈合；早期1例单侧皮瓣转移后坏死，行游离皮片移植后愈合良好；1例胸部供区瘢痕增生，经激光干预后好转。结论面部烧伤后瘢痕的治疗应遵循相似性原则，采用局部或胸三角扩张皮瓣整复，预扩张可增加皮瓣面积、减少皮瓣厚度、减轻供区损伤。Objective To explore the aesthetic reconstruction strategy for postburn facial scar and its clinical effect. Methods Three hundred and forty-two patients with postburn facial scars were hospitalized from January 2000 to December 2015. Local expanded flap or deltopectoral expanded flap was used for reconstruction according to the location and size of the facial scar. The forehead expanded flap could be chosen for the scar in dorsum nasi or inferior eyelid. The local expanded flap was chosen when the scar width was smaller than 5 cm in cheek, chin, and marginal mandible region. The expanded deltopectoral flap was chosen when the scar width was larger than 5 cm in cheek, chin, and marginal mandible region or the scar contracture was too serious to cause displacement of lips, nose, or eyelid, and the wound width was larger than 5 cm after release. The facial scars of 82 patients, with size ranged from 6.0 cm × 2.5 cm to 15.0 cm × 10.0 cm, were reconstructed with expanded local flaps. The facial scars of 260 patients, with size ranged from 8.0 cm × 7.0 cm to 38.0 cm ×13.0 cm, were reconstructed with expanded deltopectoral flaps. After expansion of 2 to 6 months, the facial scars were excised and completely released first of all. The transfer way of local flap and size of dehopectoral flap with pedicle were designed according to the size and shape of the wound. Three weeks after transfer of dehopectoral flap, flap delay procedure was conducted. One week later, the pedicle was severed from the flap to reconstruct the remaining scar. Anti-scar medicine, laser ther- apy, and elasticized fabric were used postoperatively on the scars in both donor and recipient sites. Results During the postoperative follow-up for 3 to 12 months, the flaps of 40 out of 82 cases reconstructed with expanded local flaps were in good color and texture. Before 2008, mild scar hyperplasia was observed in the incision of 19 patients ; with application of laser after 2008, the number of patients with scar hyperplasia was decreased. During the p

关 键 词：烧伤 面部 瘢痕 外科皮瓣 外科 整形 

分 类 号：R644[医药卫生—外科学]