98例β-内酰胺类抗菌药物致不良反应  

98 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by β-lactam Antibiotics

作　　者：杨茵梅[1] 李坤浪[1] 钟伟章[1] 李文胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]高州市人民医院药剂科,广东高州525200

出　　处：《中国医院用药评价与分析》2016年第7期994-996,共3页Evaluation and Analysis of Drug-use in Hospitals of China

摘　　要：目的:了解高州市人民医院(以下简称"我院")98例β-内酰胺类抗菌药物引发不良反应生的情况和特点,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:收集2011—2015年我院98例β-内酰胺类抗菌药物致不良反应报告,对其临床用药、给药途径、不良反应类型、临床表现及转归等进行回顾性统计分析。结果:98例发生药品不良反应的患者中,>50岁年龄段占比最高,为48.98%(48例),其次为≤12岁年龄段(29例,占29.59%);静脉滴注给药方式引发药品不良反应病例数的占比最高,为68.37%(67例);头孢菌素类抗菌药物引发药品不良反应病例数的占比为62.24%(67例),高于青霉素类抗菌药物;不良反应主要累及皮肤及其附件、呼吸系统;治愈75例,好转例18,有后遗症4例,死亡1例。结论:β-内酰胺类抗菌药物常见的不良反应主要集中发生于静脉给药的特殊人群,主要累及皮肤及其附件、呼吸系统,虽治愈率高,但仍存在因得不到及时、妥善处理而留下后遗症甚至死亡的情况。因此,临床使用β-内酰胺类抗菌药物时,应给予高度重视,及时发现其不良反应并积极采取有效的应对措施,保障患者用药安全。OBJECTIVE： To investigate the status and characteristics of 98 cases of adverse drug reactions（ ADR）induced by β-lactam antibiotics in Gaozhou People＇s Hospital（ hereinafter referred to as ＂our hospital＂）,so as to provide reference for the rational drug use in clinic. METHODS： Statistical analysis was conducted on 98 cases of ADRinduced by β-lactam antibiotics collected by our hospital during 2011-2015 in terms of the clinical medication,route of administration,type of ADR,clinical manifestation and prognosis,etc.. RESULTS： Of the 98 cases,the ratio of patients 50 years old took the lead,accounting for 48. 98%（ 48 cases）; followed by ≤12 years old（ 29 cases,29. 59%）. And the ratio of number of ADR cases induced by intravenous infusion dominated the first place,accounting for 68. 37%（ 67 cases）; and the ratio of number of ADR cases induced by cephalosporins antibiotics was 62. 24%（ 67 cases）,higher than that of penicillins. ADR mainly involved skin and its appendages,respiratory system. There were 75 cases of patients cured,18 improved,4 cases of sequela and 1 case of death. CONCLUSIONS：ADR induced by β-lactam antibiotics often concentrate on the special crowd with intravenous medication,mainly involved skin and its appendages,respiratory system. Although the cure rate is high,there are still some cases of sequela and death due to lack of timely and properly treatment. Therefore,it is necessary for the clinic to attach enough importance to the application of β-lactam antibiotics,timely find out the ADR and actively take effective measures to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADR,so as to ensure the medication safety in patients.

关 键 词：Β-内酰胺类 抗菌药物 药品不良反应 统计分析 

分 类 号：R969.3[医药卫生—药理学] R978.1[医药卫生—药学]