加气灌溉对土壤中主要微生物数量的影响  

Impacts of Aerated Irrigation on Number of Soil Major Microorganism

作　　者：朱艳[1] 蔡焕杰[1] 陈慧[1] 徐家屯 王云霏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2016年第8期65-69,75,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50779059);国家自然科学基金重点项目(50939005);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题项目(20110204130004)

摘　　要：加气灌溉利用地下滴灌技术,通过文丘里加气设备将空气溶解在加压灌溉水中以水气混合液和微型气泡的形式随灌溉水输送到作物根区土壤。试验采用Mazzei287型文丘里加气设备,以全生育期不加气(CK)为对照,分别在番茄不同生育期和不同灌水水平下进行加气(苗期加气(O1)、开花坐果期加气(O2)、果实膨大期加气(O3)、成熟期加气(O4)、全生育期/中水水平下加气(O5/W1)、高水水平下加气(W3)和低水水平下加气(W2))分析加气灌溉对番茄根区土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的影响。结果表明,相比于不加气灌溉(地下滴灌),在各生育期加气时对应生育期的细菌、真菌数量均明显提高。高水水平和中水水平下加气灌溉处理的细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量也显著高于对照。由此可知,加气灌溉下的土壤环境更适宜土壤微生物的生命活动。Aerated irrigation used subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） system with Venturi injectors, and by which, air in solution and as micro-bubbles can continuously be supplied to root zone through the drip tape. The experiments, comprised of O1 （rhizosphere venti- lation at seeding stage）, 02 （rhizosphere ventilation at flowing and fruit-setting stage）, 03 （rhizosphere ventilation at fruit expansion stage）, 04 （rhizosphere ventilation at fruit mature stage）, O5/W1 （rhizosphere ventilation at total stages or kcp=1.0）, W2 （kcp = 0. 75）, W3 （kcp=1.25） and control treatments, were conducted in greenhouse to investigate the impacts of aerated irrigation on soil major microorganismin. A＂Mazzei＂venturi air-injector（Model 287） was installed in-line immediately following the pump. The results showed that the number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomyces at corresponding growing season increased when aerated at the growth season. Meanwhile, the soil bacteria, fungi and actinomyces also significantly increased with W3 and WI treatments, com- pared with subsurface drip irrigation. Thereby, soil environment noticeably enhanced with aerated irrigation and then suitable soil en- vironment for the activety of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces also formed.

关 键 词：加气灌溉 土壤 细菌 真菌 放线菌 

分 类 号：S154.38[农业科学—土壤学]