19世纪天主教蒙古传教区东部界线争端研究  

Research on the Dispute of Eastern Boundary of Catholic Mission in Mongolia in the 19th Century

作　　者：庄宏忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2016年第3期29-45,共17页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"长城沿线天主教的传播及其区域生态环境变迁研究(1865-1952)"(41171120);国家留学基金委员会建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(201406100162)

摘　　要：18世纪中期开始清政府逐渐严酷的禁教政策,使得在华天主教被迫转向清王朝的边疆地带或其他边缘区域,蒙古和满洲地区的天主教在这一时期得到了重要的发展。1838年辽东宗座代牧区建立(包括满洲和蒙古),之后1840年蒙古从中分离成立新的代牧区,与满洲代牧区界邻。19世纪中后期开始,遣使会及之后圣母圣心会所管辖的蒙古代牧区,与巴黎外方传教会管辖的满洲代牧区,两者之间界线问题纷争不断,直到1883年才告一段落。本文在研究这一界线争端过程的基础上,认为19世纪蒙古和满洲天主教事务深受国际环境的影响,修会教团管理下的代牧区对于区域空间的争夺,反映了罗马教廷、葡萄牙和法国在华传教事务上冲突和合作的复杂关系。欧洲政教间的纠葛,以及汉民不断向蒙古地区移民垦殖的推进,是影响蒙古和满洲代牧区划界进行的重要因素。From the 18 th Century,due to the gradually harsh prosecution of the Qing government,the Catholic Church had been forced to move its focus to the frontier of the Qing Empire,and Mongolia and Manchuria had progressed sufficiently in this period.Apostolic Vicariate of Leaotung adding Manchuria and Mongolia was established in 1838 and then Mongolia became an independent Vicariate adjacent to Vicariate of Manchuria in 1840.From the middle of the 19 th Century,for the Vicariate of Mongolia under the jurisdiction of the C.M.（then C.I.C.M.）and the Vicariate of Manchuria under the jurisdiction of the M.E.P.,their boundary dispute was not settled until the demarcation temporarily come to an end in 1883.Based on the recovery of the dispute,the paper holds that the Catholic affairs in Mongolia and Manchuria in the 19 th century were under the influence of international environment.Vicariates managed by the Congregations and Orders battled for the regional space,which reflected the complex relation of conflict and cooperation among Roman Curia,Portugal and France on missionary affairs.The entanglement between church and state in Europe,and the increasing immigration and reclamation of Han people in Mongolia are the important factor affecting the process of delimitation of Vicariate of Manchuria and Mongolia.

关 键 词：天主教 蒙古 满洲 宗座代牧区 教团修会 领地 

分 类 号：B976.1[哲学宗教—宗教学]