明清民国时期关中—天水地区城市地下水资源的特征  

Characteristics of Urban Groundwater Resources in Guanzhong-Tianshui Region during Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China

作　　者：王挺[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2016年第3期114-123,共10页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"中国古城水系营建的学说及历史经验研究"(51278197)

摘　　要：文章对明清民国时期关中—天水地区46个城市的地下水资源状况进行了逐个考察,分别从水位、水质两方面总结了该地区城市地下水资源的特征。研究表明:明清民国时期关中—天水地区城市地下水位呈现明显的区域内部差异:渭北台塬地区城市地下水位埋藏最深,达几十丈乃至更深;渭河平原地区城市地下水位埋藏相对较浅,在几米至几十米之间;关中西部及天水地区城市地下水位埋藏最浅,基本上在十米以内。明清民国时期关中—天水地区至少有22个城市存在地下水"咸苦"问题,其中有17个城市集中分布在关中渭河北岸的东、中部地区。城市地下水"咸苦"的原因可以归结为城市居民活动与地理环境两个方面,尤其是在关中渭河北岸的东、中部地区。The groundwater resources of forty-six cities in Guanzhong-Tianshui Region during Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China were investigated,and the characteristics of urban groundwater resources were revealed from two aspects：water level and water quality.The results are as follow：（1）Urban groundwater level in Guanzhong-Tianshui Region during Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China had the obvious internal differences.In the Weibei plateau,the urban groundwater level was deepest,which was located dozens of Zhang（the equivalent of 3.33meters）or even deeper.In the Weihe River plain,the urban groundwater level was relatively less deep ranging from several meters to dozens of meters.The urban groundwater level in the western of Guanzhong and Tianshui regions was shallowest,which was basically located within ten meters.（2）There were at least twenty-two cities suffered the problem of＂salt and bitter＂groundwater in Guanzhong-Tianshui Region during Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China,seventeen of which were concentrated in the eastern and central parts of the north bank of the Weihe River in Guanzhong.The factors causing the problem of＂salt and bitter＂urban groundwater included urban dwellers＇activities and geographical environment,especially in the eastern and central parts of the north bank of the Weihe River in Guanzhong.

关 键 词：城市地下水 水位 水质 明清民国时期 关中—天水地区 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]