信任对价格联盟形成机制的影响研究——从路边的水果摊贩到中国彩电业竞争模式  

Study on Trust Influence on The Formation Mechanism of A Price Alliance——From the Street Fruit Vendor to China Color TV Competitive Mode

作　　者：谢岚[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司,四川成都610021

出　　处：《四川建材》2016年第4期283-286,共4页Sichuan Building Materials

摘　　要：随着经济的高速发展,我国许多行业都出现了不同程度的产能过剩,不少厂商为了摆脱"价格战"的囚徒困境,试图通过合谋来统一制定产品的价格,组建价格联盟。改革开放以来,"价格联盟"一词对于我们来说并不陌生。早在21世纪初,我国九大彩电厂商就在深圳首次结盟,成功召开了中国彩电业企业峰会,试图以同行议价的形式共同提高彩电零售价格,以维护自身的高额利润。随后,又出现了一些为摆脱"价格大战"而组成的诸如钢铁、空调、机票、方便面甚至酒店业等价格联盟。一时间,关于价格联盟的争论甚嚣尘上。然而,这些价格联盟终究只是一个梦,都没有走到最后,在昙花一现后以失败告终。在经济学中,类似的价格联盟被认为是垄断的一种形式,联盟者们实际上是希望通过合谋来实现对产品或服务的统一提价。从理论上来说,每个联盟者都追逐自身利益最大化,这就是价格联盟难以成功的原因。本文旨在从博弈论的角度出发,以传统的博弈模型,如伯特兰模型为基础,通过改变假设,引入相关变量(如"信任"),分析无正式组织、自主形成的价格联盟的形成动因及其维持方式。Along with the rapid development of the economy,China does have excesscapacity in some industries. Manymanufacturers in order to get rid of theprisoner ＂s dilemma like＂price war＂ , attempted to unify the price of their product, byconspiring to form a price alliance. Since Chinas reform and openingup, pricealliance is nothing new to us. In the 21 ^century,9 well - known color TVmanufacturers in China made an alliancefor the first time in Shenzhen, successfully convened＂ China Color TV Entrepreneurs Summit＂ ,in order to improvethe color TVs＇retail price jointly Then, there were many kinds ofprice alliancessuch as steel, air conditioning, air tickets, instantnoodles and hotel alliance. In one slice of time, price alliancehas come into sharper focus. However, thesepricealliancesended in failure after a flash in the pan. In economics, theprice alliance is regarded as a form of monopoly; the alliesactuallywant to set a unified price of a product or service by forminga “pricecartel” , in order to gain higher returns. In theory, everymember in the alliancewants to pursuit self - interest maximization.Under the moving of individual benefit, the member inprice cartel will deviate from the collusion and finally lead to thedisintegration of the cartel mechanism. This is the reason whyprice alliance isdifficult to success. Because of this, the paperuses the game theory, based on the classic Bertrandmodel, bychanging the hypothesis, introducing the relevant variables“trust” , studies how the trust is theoretically influenced on theformation mechanism of aprice alliance .

关 键 词：信任 价格联盟 囚徒困境 博弈论 

分 类 号：F726[经济管理—产业经济]