老龄化背景下东亚家庭主义的变迁——以日韩老年人福利政策为例  

The Transformation of East Asia Familialism in an Era of Aging: Case Study of Social Welfare Policy for the Elderly in Japan and South Korea

作　　者：楼苏萍[1] 王佃利[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2016年第4期88-103,207-208,共16页Journal of Public Administration

摘　　要：家庭在东亚国家的福利供给中扮演着重要角色。然而,快速发展的老龄化已经对东亚地区以家庭为首要责任主体的政策取向形成了巨大挑战。如何在快速老龄化的背景下回应需求增加与家庭功能弱化之间的矛盾,东亚地区国家面临着政策方向调整的压力。论文梳理了日本和韩国在老龄化过程中老年人福利政策的发展,从社会政策的家庭主义分析框架入手,讨论了以日韩两国为代表东亚福利体制家庭主义的变迁轨迹。论文认为,传统东亚的家庭主义是一种隐性的家庭主义,假定家庭是老年人福利状态的首要责任者,社会政策既不致力于增强家庭的功能,也不支持家庭之外的福利主体的作用发挥;伴随着老龄化,东亚家庭主义开始在增强家庭功能与寻求对家庭的替代两个方向上进行的政策努力,向自主的家庭主义靠近并形成自身特点。论文从具体社会政策角度切入讨论,超越传统从儒家文化与意识角度的探讨,使得家庭主义的变迁更容易被观察与分析,也为后续更为精确的量化分析提供了基础。It is well known that family plays an important role on welfare provision in East Asia countries. However,the rapid development of aging has challenged the policy orientation which assumes family as the primary actor for the care of elders. The gap between the weakening of the family function and the increasing care needs ofthe aging is putting overwhelming pressures on governments. This leads to policy changes for elderly care. In order to figure out the transformation of familialism in East Asia welfare regimes,this paper used Liner's varieties of familialism as a framework to investigate the policy evolution in Japan and South Korea. It is claimed that traditional familialism in East Asia was quite close to implicit familialism which neither offers de- familizing structures nor actively supports the function of the family through any kinds of familizingpolicy. With rapidly aging populations,governments in East Asia are workingto enhance family functioning or initiating alternatives to family in different periods or both. By doing so,the East Asia welfare regime is working towards an optional familialism,which has its own characteristics. This paper investigates the changing of familialism in East Asian through specific policy analysis rather than culture and consciousness thereby making it more likely to be observed and analyzed. It could provide a basis for subsequent quantitative analysis.

关 键 词：东亚福利体制 家庭主义 老年人福利政策 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]