威海南部近岸海域表层海水化学要素时空变化及富营养化研究  

Spatial-temporal distribution of sea water chemicals and eutrophication evaluation in surface water of southern Weihai coastal area

作　　者：李洪涛[1] 刘阳[2] 于国庆[1] 张龙飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局文登海洋环境监测站,山东威海264400 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2016年第3期356-363,共8页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：威海市科技发展计划资助项目(2011-2-08)

摘　　要：为了客观评价威海南部近岸海域海水化学要素时空分布及富营养化状况,分别于2013年春季、夏季及秋季3个航次进行表层海水水质调查.样品分析表明:调查海域表层海水水质符合二类水质标准,其中DO含量为6.040~7.880 mg/dm^3,DIN含量为0.156~0.252 mg/dm^3,DIP含量为0.006~0.018 mg/dm^3,COD含量为0.670~1.730 mg/dm^3.DO呈现从海岸线向外海逐渐升高的趋势,DIN、DIP及COD均呈现从海岸线向外海逐渐降低的趋势.营养盐的时空变化趋势受外源污染物的输入、养殖生物的排泄输入、浮游植物及大型海藻生长的共同影响.N/P分析表明春季变化最大,夏季次之,秋季变化幅度最小,3个季节中均为磷限制,可以通过控制磷酸盐的输入控制浮游植物的生长,从而避免赤潮的发生.富营养化状态指数分析表明调查海域的富营养化状态指数从海岸向外海逐渐降低,其中2号站(靖海湾湾口)、11号站(乳山湾湾口)及12号站(乳山湾湾口)受外源污染物的影响较大,呈现富营养化.调查表明3个季节的富营养化状态指数逐渐升高,与外源污染物的输入加大及养殖活动的逐渐频繁密切相关.To know the spatial-temporal distribution of chemical factors and potential eutrophication in surface water of Southern Weihai costal area,the investigation was carried out in spring,summer and autumn of 2013.The analysis showed that the surface water quality in investigated area was according with the second class of the National Sea Water Quality Standard.The concentration of DO was from 6.040 to 7.880 mg/dm^3 ,DIN 0.156 to 0.252 mg/dm^3,DIP 0.006 to 0.018 mg/dm^3 and COD 0.670 to 1.730 mg/dm^3.Influenced by external input,aquaculture activities and the growth of phytoplankton and macroalgae,the concentration of DO increased and DIN,DIP and COD decreased from the coast to the open sea.The highest variation of N/P was found in spring and the smal-lest in autumn.All waters were depressed by the phosphorus limitation in 3 seasons,thus red tides could be controlled by the concentration of phosphorus.Eutrophication index （E）indicated that it decreased from the coast to open sea.The sites （2,1 1 and 12）in the bay mouth of Jinghai Bay and Rushan Bay were much eutrophicated due to the external pollution.Besides,the eutrophication index varied in 3 seasons and it increased with times in function of pollutant load and aquaculture activities.

关 键 词：海洋化学 表层海水 化学要素 富营养化 威海南部近岸海域 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学]