昆明城区大气降水重金属特征研究  

Research on characteristics of heavy metal of precipitation in suburbs of Kunming

作　　者：沈盈佳[1] 史正涛[1] 杨帆[2] 刘钢[1] 苏斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,云南昆明650500 [2]西安理工大学,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2016年第3期112-116,121,共6页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：云南省社会发展科技项目(2011FB042);云南省水利厅水利科技项目(2014003)

摘　　要：昆明市属于典型的高原盆地城市,市政供水主要来自于地表水,大气污染物中的重金属通过降水等过程进入地表,严重影响着地表水环境,威胁着城市供水安全。采集了昆明市城区6个采样点2013年10月-2014年9月的大气降水样品,用原子荧光法和质谱仪等分析了大气降水中常见的8种重金属含量,同时测定其p H值及电导率。结果表明:降水的平均pH值为8.36,呈偏碱性,电导率最高值出现在2月份为27.6μS/cm,最小值为8月份13.4μS/cm,电导率与降水量基本呈负相关。重金属元素中Hg和Cr的含量在《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅰ类水质标准以内,Cu、Cd和Pb含量在Ⅱ类水质标准以内,Zn、Ni的含量超出国家V类水质标准,Ni、Zn、Pb、As 4种元素在所有采样点的含量均不同程度超出《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)。重金属含量整体分布表现出人口密集的市区中北部较高而人口相对稀少的南部新城区含量较低,大气降雨重金属污染对昆明城市水环境和水安全影响将成为今后值得重点关注的问题。Kunming is a typical city of plateau basin with water supply mainly from surface water. The heavy metal of air pollution comes into ground which influences the surface environment severely and threat the security of water supply of Kunming. Based on the samples of rainwater from October 2013 to September 2014 of Kunming, the paper analyzed 8 common heavy metals with atomic fluorescence and ICP- MS mass spectrometer, pH value and measured the conductivity of local precipitation. The results indicated that pH value is approximately 8.36, which is oriented to alkaline, the highest peak of conduc- tivity is 27.6μS/cm and appears in February, and the ly. The correlation between conductivity and rainfall minimum value is 13.4 μS/cm and appears in Ju- is negative. According to the water environment quality standard （GB3838 -2002）, the content of Hg and Cr is level I , the content of Cu, Cd and Pb is level lI , and the content of Zn and Ni is beyond levelV. The content of Ni, Zn, Pb and As was all beyond the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water （GB 5749 -2006） in different levels. The concentra- tion of heavy metal was higher in the north part of part of the city. The water resources environment rainwater of Kunming will become a key concern. the city, which has more population, than in the south and safety affected by contamination of heavy metal in

关 键 词：重金属 大气降水 连续降雨 重金属污染 水环境 昆明城区 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]