2000年以来黄河宁蒙河段开河期冰凌洪水特点分析  

Analysis of ice flood characteristics during thawing period at ningxia-inner mongolia reach of Yellow river since 2000

作　　者：颜亦琪[1] 陶新[1] 刘吉峰[1] 韩作强 梁聪聪[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会水文局,河南郑州450004

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2016年第3期176-180,共5页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：水利部公益性行业专项项目(201301062)

摘　　要：黄河宁蒙河段开河期冰凌洪水主要集中在3月中下旬,一般由融冰洪水与冰坝洪水组成,其特点主要表现在:凌峰、洪量年际变化大,沿程增加明显,头道拐站易形成多峰,峰型系数较夏汛小,洪水历时较夏汛短,水位表现较夏汛同流量水位高,流速在涨水段慢于落水段。这些特点主要与宁蒙河道形态、水利工程、封河期上游来水及开河期气温、开河形势、封冻期形成的槽蓄水增量大小、沿程分布及其释放程度有关。Ice flood during thawing period in the Ningxia - Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow river is con- centrated in mid and late March. and usually make up from ice melting flood and ice dam flood. Its char- acteristics primarily shows the large annual change of ice flood peak and flood volume, obvious increase of that along the river; being easy formation of multi - peak at Toudaoguai station ; the ice flood peak co- efficient in march being smaller than that in summer, shorter duration compared with summer flood, high- er water level of the same discharge than that in summer and slower velocity of runoff in rising segment than that in falling segment. These characteristics principally relate to the river morphology, water con- servancy projects, freeze- up period upstream inflow, air temperature in thawing period, river thawing situation, freeze - up period river channel - storage increment volume, along distribution and its release degree.

关 键 词：凌峰 峰型系数 流速 气温 槽蓄水增量 黄河宁蒙河段 

分 类 号：S333.2[农业科学—作物遗传育种]