马克思的理论在欧洲的旅行  

The Traveling of Marx's Theory in Europe

作　　者：肖薇[1,2] 何平[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]四川城市职业学院 [2]邮编:610110 [3]四川大学历史文化学院 [4]邮编:610064

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2016年第3期64-75,159,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项(哲学社会科学)项目“学科前沿与交叉创新研究重点项目”(SKX201007)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：马克思的理论综合了18世纪以来西欧三个主要国家的进步思想,包含了对资本主义的批判,是一种主张激进社会变革的理论。马克思思想的形成与他出生的环境、当时的文化语境、他的流亡生涯和人道主义精神分不开。本文简要考察了爱德华·萨义德等国外学者在这方面的研究。他们对马克思理论在特定历史时期在德国、俄国、英国和法国的传播、释义和本土化的场景进行了分析。一战前,德国工人运动的巨大发展,使第二国际的理论家们主要关注以渐进方式实现社会主义目标。在俄国,马克思有关以暴力革命方式实现社会变革的观念在列宁那里得到强有力的发展。20世纪下半叶,英国的左翼思想家发展了马克思有关上层建筑、意识形态和文化生产的理论,并借以批判晚期资本主义文化的幻象。二战后的法国,左翼思想家们展开了一场保卫马克思理论的斗争,致力于将马克思理论从政党化的意识形态中解放出来。我们认为,马克思理论在欧洲的旅行及其遭遇使我们更加清醒地认识到继承马克思富有生命力的理论的重要性。Marx created a brand new theory which synthesized the progressive ideas developed in the three major western European countries from the 18 thcentury. His theory offers a radical criticism of the capitalism and calls for a fundamental social change. To study Marx's theory,we need to pay attention to his family background,the cultural context of his time,his life as a refugee and his humanist aspiration. Drawing on the study of Edward Said and others,this essay examines the spread of Marx's theory in Germany,Russia,England and France,discussing how it was interpreted and localized. The success of German worker's movement before World War I, for instance, caused some theoreticians associated with the Second International to argue for a gradual social reform to realize the goal of socialism. By comparison,Lenin in Russia forcefully developed Marx's idea of political revolution. During the second half of the 20 thcentury,by criticizing the fantasy of the late capitalist culture,leftist English scholars further reformulated Marx's theory about the production of culture,ideology and superstructure while postwar French thinkers chose to defend the legacy of Marx's thought,hoping to liberate Marxism from the partisan ideology. The essay argues that the traveling and localization of Marx's theory in Europe reveal the importance for us to discover valuable elements in the legacy of Marxism.

关 键 词：马克思主义 理论的旅行 跨文化研究 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]