现代经济学的本质(下)  

Nature of Modern Economics

作　　者：田国强[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《学术月刊》2016年第8期5-15,共11页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：改革开放以降,随着中国市场经济目标的逐渐确立,现代经济学在中国逐步发展成为一门显学,为中国市场化改革提供了重要的理论指导和技术支撑。然而,学术界和思想界对于现代经济学及其意识形态性还存有不少认识误区,亟待厘清。为此,本文主要探讨和阐述了现代经济学的本质,包括现代经济学的基本内涵及其视野下的市场制度,现代经济学的核心假设与要点,以及如何正确看待理解现代经济学等内容。现代经济学由假设、约束条件、分析框架和模型以及若干结论(解释和/或预测)组成,其中一个核心假设是利己性假设,这些结论从假设、约束条件和分析框架及模型中严格导出,因而是一种具有内在逻辑的分析方法。现代经济学提供两类理论,一是提供基准点、参照系及明道的基准经济理论,二是提供更贴近现实的实用经济理论,两者相为促进,并且均可用于内在逻辑的推断和预测。市场经济孕育了经济理论,又得益于经济理论的发展。一个成熟的现代市场制度和好的治理只有在政府、市场、社会三位一体、互动互促的综合治理框架下才能运作有效。因此,唯有正确认识和理解现代经济学的本质及其视野之下的市场制度,才能有利于推进中国深化市场导向的改革,真正确立市场在资源配置中的决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用,实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,建立长治久安的包容性制度。With reform and opening-up, and the establishment of China＇s market economy objectives, modern economics has gradually become a prominent discipline, which provides important theoretical guidance and technical support for China＇s market-oriented reform. However, the academic and intellectual circles still have many misunderstandings on modern economics and its ideology that need to be clarified. To this end, this paper mainly discusses the nature of modern economics, including its essence and market system from the perspective of modern economics, core assumptions and key points of modern economics and a proper understanding of it, etc. Modern economics consists of hypotheses, constraints, analytical frameworks and models, and conclusions （interpretations and/or predictions）, in which there is a core hypothesis of self-interest. Conclusions are rigorously deduced from hypotheses, constraints, analytical frameworks and models, and thus modern economics is an analytical method with inherent logic. It provides two kinds of mutually complementary and reinforcing theories： one being benchmark economic theories that provide reference points or systems and fundamental principles, and the other being pragmatic economic theories, both of which can be used for making logical deductions and predictions. The market economy breeds economic theories and in turn also benefits from their development. A mature modern market system and good governance can only function effectively under the comprehensive governance framework of interactive and complementary roles of government, market, and society. As such, only by correctly capturing the essence of modern economics and the market system from its perspective can we advance China＇s deepening market-oriented reform, truly guarantee the decisive role of market in resource allocation and let the government play its functions better, achieve the modernization of state governance system and capability, and establish inclusive institutions for long-term stability.

关 键 词：现代经济学的本质 现代市场制度 核心假设和关键要点 国家治理 

分 类 号：F01[经济管理—政治经济学]