利用水稻抗旱种质研究驯化和育种对遗传多样性的影响  

Impacts of domestication and breeding on genetic diversity in utilizing drought-resistant rice germplasms

作　　者：卫海滨[1] 夏辉[1] 楼巧君[1] 冯芳君[1] 马孝松[1] 梅捍卫[1] 罗利军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业生物基因中心,上海201106

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2016年第4期1-5,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金项目(14ZR1437000);上海市种业发展项目[沪农科种字(2014)第1号;沪农科种字(2016)第1-6号]

摘　　要：利用高通量测序获取SNP标记技术对上海市农业生物基因中心99个水稻抗旱种质进行全基因组重测序,分析其遗传多样性和遗传基础。结果表明:在所有SNPs位点中,多态性比率为68.98%(1 927 238/2 793 702),SNPs标记密度在12条染色体上分布范围为4.5—6.2个SNP/kb;供试品种间的遗传距离分布具有两个密度高峰;邻接法构建系统发育树将99个品种划分为籼稻和粳稻两个类群。综合SNPs和进化分析结果表明:水稻在自然选择和人工驯化过程形成复杂进化史,99个抗旱种质在DNA水平上的差异呈现两个极端,遗传距离分布范围较大(0.003—0.998),具有较宽遗传基础和丰富的遗传多样性。本研究以期为水稻节水抗旱新品种选育的亲本选配提供理论依据。The genome-wide sequencing of the 99 drought-resistant rice varieties collected by this center was conducted by using high throughout genome sequence to get SNP markers and the genetic diversity was analyzed.The results showed that the percentage of polymorphic sites was 68.98%（1 927 238/2 793 702） among all the identified SNPs,and the density of SNP markers in 12 chromosomes was 4.5—6.2 SNP/kb;The distribution of genetic distances between the tested varieties had two density peaks;The 99 rice varieties could be classified into indica and japonica types in the phylogenetic tree established by the neighbor-joining method.The SNP and phylogenetic analyses indicated that a complicated history of rice evolution formed during natural selection and artificial domestication,the differences of 99 drought-resistant rice varieties at DNA level presented two extremes,the distribution of genetic distances was relatively wide in range（0.003—0.998）,and thus rice had abundant genetic diversity.The findings could provide a theoretical basis for parental selection in breeding new drought-resistant rice cultivars.

关 键 词：水稻 遗传多样性 抗旱性 育种 单核苷酸多态性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]