单季杂交稻病虫复合为害产量损失测定与防控阈值研究  

Determination of single-crop hybrid rice yield loss by composite diseases and pests and investigation of control threshold

作　　者：汪恩国 刘伟明[2] 郑永利 

机构地区：[1]浙江省临海市农技推广中心,临海317000 [2]台州科技职业学院,台州318020 [3]浙江省植物保护检疫局,杭州310020

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2016年第4期99-104,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：2005台州市黄岩农学会横向课题;台州市科学技术重大贡献奖项目[台政办发(2010)124];台州市科技计划项目(14NY14)

摘　　要：为安全有效地控制高产、高效栽培制度下单季杂交稻病虫发生危害,2006—2012年利用自然圃与防治圃时序病虫系统调查和实收产量数据,对病虫数量变化及致害当量与产量损失率进行测定。结果表明:自然状态下各病虫时序复合数量随生育期的推进而渐趋增加;时序白背飞虱成若虫数量、褐飞虱成若虫数量、稻纵卷叶螟幼虫数量、螟虫丛害率动态变化与其纹枯病丛发病率变化存在线性或非线性数量关系,从而建立各种害虫与纹枯病关系函数模型,得出各病虫为害当量参数;年度病虫为害当量与产量损失率存在极显著相关关系,年度产量损失率与年度各病虫实际发生为害当量数学模型为Y=0.5343X+12.648(r=0.9076**,r_(0.01)=0.8745)。根据综合经济损失允许水平原理制定出了病虫害聚集性防控阈值、离散性防控阈值和关键节点防控阈值;综合运用这些防控阈值可减少农药使用次数和数量,保护田间生态和提升整体防控水平。In order to safely and effectively control diseases and pests damaging single-crop hybrid rice under high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation system,the quantitative variations of diseases and pests,the damage equivalents and the percentages of yield loss were determined according to the surveyed data of diseases and pests and actual yields under both natural and controlled plots in 2006—2012.The results showed that under natural conditions,the sequential composite quantities of all the diseases and pests gradually increased with the developmental stages;The sequential adult and nymph quantities of white backed planthoppers and brown backed rice planthoppers,rice leaf rollers＇ larva quantity,and percentage of borer-damaged bunches had linear or non-linear relationships with the incidence of banded sclerotial blight in bunch,and thus the functional models between various pests and banded sclerotial blight were established,obtaining the equivalent parameters of damage by different diseases and pests;There was a significant correlation between the percentage of yield loss and the annual equivalent value of diseases and pests：Y = 0.5343 Z ＋ 12.648（r = 0.9076＊＊,r_（0.01） =0.8745）.The aggregate and discrete control thresholds of diseases and pests and the control thresholds at the key time points were formulated by the integrated economic loss evaluation approach;Integrated application of those control thresholds could reduce the frequency and amount of applied pesticides,protect farmland ecosystem and improve the overall efficiency of controlling diseases and pests.

关 键 词：杂交稻 单季稻 产量损失率 病虫害 防治阈值 数学模型 

分 类 号：S435.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]