淹灌和间歇灌溉对晚稻田节肢动物群落多样性影响  

Effect of Flooding Irrigation and Intermittent Irrigation Patterns on Arthropod Community Diversity in Late Rice Fields

作　　者：邱佩[1] 崔远来[1] 罗玉峰[1] 刘博[1] 韩焕豪 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第8期113-117,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：中美国际合作项目(20111017);高等学校博士点基金(20130141110014)

摘　　要：为探明节水灌溉对稻田节肢动物多样性影响,采用群落生态学研究方法,比较了淹灌和间歇灌溉2种不同灌溉模式下稻田节肢动物群落多样性。结果表明:间歇灌溉增加了水稻各生育期节肢动物群落科数和种数,有效提高了天敌类群种类数和数量,全生育期种类数平均增加24.4%,数量平均增加26.2%,在拔节孕穗期种类数和数量增加率均达到最高,种类数高于淹灌125.0%,数量高于淹灌50.0%。间歇灌溉有效提高了稻田节肢动物天敌群落多样性,降低害虫群落多样性,害虫、天敌类群D_(MG)、H′、S和E在间歇灌溉下受环境波动影响小,各多样性指数的消长基本一致,整体天敌与害虫群落分布具有稳定性。节水灌溉有助于实现对稻田害虫的生态控制。In order to reveal the impact of water-saving irrigation on paddy arthropod pests and natural enemy community diversity, we compared paddy arthropod community diversity under two kinds of different management models, flooding irrigation and intermit- tent irrigation, using the methods of community ecology. The results showed that intermittent irrigation increased the species of ar- thropod community in each growth period of rice, effectively raising the species and the number of natural enemies. In the whole growth period, the species was increased by 24. 4~//oo and the number was increased by 26.2% on average. When to the jointing Boo- ting Stage, species and the number came up to the highest rate of increasing. Species was 125.0% higher than flooding irrigation, the amount was 50. 0% higher too. Intermittent irrigation effectively improved community diversity of natural enemies, reducing pest diversity. D^s, H＇, S and E of pest and natural enemies were affected smaller by the environmental fluctuation under intermittent irrigation pattern. Fluctuation of each diversity index is consistent, keeping predators and pests community distribution of stability. Water-saving irrigation was readily available for the realization of effective ecological control of paddy pests.

关 键 词：淹水灌溉 间歇灌溉 晚稻 节肢动物 生物多样性 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]