稻田水量调控模拟计算及分析  

The Simulation and Analysis of Paddy Rainfall Storage and Water Conservation

作　　者：王传娟[1,2] 王少丽[1,2] 陈皓锐[1,2] 陈至 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048 [2]国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京100048 [3]江苏方洋集团方洋水务有限公司,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第8期137-143,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD08B00);国家自然科学基金项目(51279212);水利部公益性行业科研专项项目(201401007);武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2015NSG01)

摘　　要：蓄水调洪能力是稻田重要的生态功能之一,充分发挥稻田滞涝功能,对于节水灌溉、除涝减灾具有重要的意义。基于稻田水平衡模型,计算了1960-2015年常规灌溉、浅湿灌溉、浅湿调控灌溉模式下的各水平衡要素,探讨不同频率年及气象要素变化对灌溉量、蓄雨量等要素的影响,分析稻田不同灌溉模式的优势。研究结果表明,稻田能有效蓄存雨水减缓涝灾,雨水利用率在42.0%~98.7%,随降雨量增大灌溉需水量减小、稻田蓄雨量增大和雨水利用率减小的规律明显;稻田不同灌溉模式中,浅湿调控灌溉模式具有较好的节水、蓄雨效果,并给出相应的灌排调控规则,实际应用建议采用浅湿灌溉达到既节水又防洪的效果,该研究为稻田蓄雨减灾、灌溉管理提供理论依据。One of the important ecological functions related to paddy field is water conservation and flood control. It is significant for water-saving and disaster reduction to make full use of paddy field. Based on paddy water balance model, the water balance factors from 1960 to 2015 were calculated under different water saving irrigation techniques, such as traditional irrigation, shallow moiste- ning irrigation and shallow adjusting irrigation. The influence of different frequency years and meteorological elements to irrigation a- mount and rainfall storage were analyzed, also, the advantages of different water-saving techniques were compared. The results showed that paddy field was very effective in flood reduction. The rainfall utilization ranged from 42% to 98. 7%, which decreased with the increase of rainfall, so as the irrigation requirement, but the rainfall storage increased with rainfall. In different water-sav- ing irrigation techniques, shallow adjusting irrigation showed its effectiveness in water-saving and flood control. The rules of irriga- tion and drainage were also given. To achieve the effect of water conservation and flood control, shallow adjusting irrigation are rec- ommended in practice, this study provided the theory of paddy flood control and irrigation management.

关 键 词：稻田水平衡 雨水利用率 节水灌溉模式 水量调控 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV214[农业科学—农业工程]