我国生育政策演进与人口均衡发展——从独生子女政策到全面二孩政策的思考  

The Changes of Family Planning Policy and the Balanced Development of Population in China——From the One-child Policy to the Two-child Policy

作　　者：原新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《人口学刊》2016年第5期5-14,共10页Population Journal

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目:老龄化对中国经济发展的影响及应对策略研究(13JZD005)

摘　　要：我国在全国范围推行计划生育政策始于20世纪70年代早期,是在经济发展水平长期低迷和人口"爆炸"强烈反差下被迫做出的选择。计划生育政策根据人口、经济社会发展和资源环境形势进行动态调整是国家发展的需要,也是人口发展规律的要求。全面二孩政策是生育政策调整的延续,终止了紧缩性的生育政策,开启了相对宽松性的生育政策时代,其政策实施的人口效果预期利远大于弊。评判人口均衡发展要遵循人口发展的规律性。全面二孩政策和未来生育政策的进一步完善对人口长期均衡发展和人口与经济社会、资源环境协调可持续发展具有积极意义。促进人口长期均衡发展是我国需要坚持的发展战略。The implementation of family planning policy （FPP） in whole of China has been started in the early 1970＇ s. It is the forced choice under the long-term downturn economic development and population explosion. The FPP has been doing dynamic adjustment based on changes of the population, economic and social situation. The universal two-child policy is a continuation of FPP adjustment. It marks the end of the tightening FPP and the beginning of a relatively liberal of FPP. Its demographic effects are expected to ben- efit far outweigh the disadvantages. Surely, the FPP will be further improved in the future. The evaluation of the balanced development of population should be followed the rules of the population development. The two-child policy and its changes in the future will have the long-term conducive to the balanced development of population, and also conducive to sustainable development of population, socio-economic, resources and environment. To promote long-term balanced development of population is a long period strategy of population development in China.

关 键 词：生育政策产生 生育政策调整 全面二孩政策 人口均衡发展 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]