矿区生态系统质量和生态完整性评价  

ECOSYSTEM QUALITY AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT IN MINING AREA

作　　者：胡华浪[1] 李伟方[1] 孙冠楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部规划设计研究院,北京100125

出　　处：《中国农业资源与区划》2016年第4期203-208,共6页Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"贫困地区灾害风险评估与灾害管理技术"(2012BAH33B02)

摘　　要：进行矿区生态完整性评价,有助于更好地进行矿区资源开发、政策制定、环境保护和生态环境综合整治。研究利用景观生态学的方法,通过空间结构及功能与稳定性分析,进行生态系统质量评价。借助遥感NPP估算模型和Shannon-Weaver多样性指数,从生态系统生产力和稳定性两个方面,对该矿区的生态系统的结构和功能状况进行分析,完成了矿区生态完整性的评价,并提出了相应的改进建议。研究结果表明:在评价区内,草地和林地优势度最高,对生态环境质量的调控能力较强。其次依次是耕地、水域与水利设施用地、住宅用地、交通用地。而评价区生态系统生产力处于较低水平,其中林地生产力最大,恢复稳定性最强,其次是灌木林地,而评价区内面积最大的草地,在生产力水平划分中处于最低水平,恢复稳定性较弱;通过计算该区的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数,发现该区群落多样性程度较高,但由于评价区内植被多为人工种植,对生态环境的缓解改善作用有限,所以该生态系统抵抗外界干扰能力仍一般,评价区生态完整性处于较低水平。随着人类活动和开发的加大,植物群落会有逆行演替的可能,区域生态系统也存在向低级别退化发展的趋势。To assess the ecological integrity in mine areas can benefit the mining resources development,policy development,environmental protection,and the ecological environment.Landscape ecological approach was used to assess ecological system quality by means of spatial structure,spatial function as well as spatial stability analysis.Using landscape ecological theory and approach,it analyzed the structure of ecological system as well as function of ecological system from the two aspects which included ecological system productivity and ecological system stability with the help of remote sensing NPP estimation model and Shannon-Weaver diversity index.Finally,it put forward some suggestions for the ecological environment evaluation.Research results indicated grass land and forest land had the highest dominance in controlling the ecological environment quality,followed by cultivated land,water,water conservancy facilities land,residential land,and traffic land.The ecological system productivity of the evaluation area was at a lower level,of which the forestland had the largest productivity and strongest restore stability,followed by the bush woods and grassland.At the same time,by calculating the Shannon-Weaver diversity index of the evaluation area,it found that the community diversity degree was high,but it could not improve the ecological environment of the research region due to the artificial cultivation vegetation.As a result,the ability to resist interference of the ecological system was still at a lower level.With the increase of human activities and development in a rapid speed,it may have a trend that regional ecological system would degrade to a low level of ecological system in the future.

关 键 词：生态完整性 生态系统质量 生产力 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]