葫芦脲大环官能团功能化  

Functionalization of Cucurbit[n]uril

作　　者：董运红 曹利平[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学化学与材料科学学院合成与天然功能分子化学教育部重点实验室,西安710127

出　　处：《化学进展》2016年第7期1039-1053,共15页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21472149);陕西省自然科学基金项目(No.2016JM2025)资助~~

摘　　要：新型大环化合物的设计与合成一直以来都是超分子化学的研究热点。冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃和葫芦脲等经典大环分子,以及柱芳烃等新兴大环分子的发展丰富了超分子化学的研究内容。其中,官能团功能化的大环化合物被广泛应用于化学传感器、分子机器、仿生系统、超分子催化、刺激响应体系、功能材料以及药物传递等众多领域。葫芦脲大环具有一个刚性的疏水空腔,由于其独特而优秀的水相识别能力而备受关注。然而,相对于其他大环化合物,葫芦脲由于其官能团功能化难题而发展相当缓慢。近年来,葫芦脲大环官能团功能化的研究获得了巨大的突破,将葫芦脲大环的主客体识别性质从传统的超分子化学拓展到生物化学、材料化学以及药物化学等交叉研究领域。本文重点总结葫芦脲大环官能团功能化现阶段的研究进展,并对其合成方法进行简单明晰的总结与展望。The design and synthesis of new macrocyclic compounds always represent one supramolecular chemistry. The development of classical macrocyclic compounds, of hot research fields in such as crown ether, cyclodextrin, calixarene, cucurbituril and pillararene, enriches the contents of supramolecular chemistry. Meanwhile, the functionalizated macrocyclic compounds have been successfully used to create a number of applications including chemical sensors, molecular machines, biomimetic systems, supramolecular catalysts, stimuli-responsive systems, functional materials and drug delivery. Cucurbit ~ n ] uril bearing a rigid and hydrophobic cavity has gained great attention for its unique recognition property in water. Compared to that of other macrocyclic compounds, however, the functionalization of cucurbit [ n ] uril is more difficult due to their chemical inertness. In the past few years, numerous efforts have been devoted to functionalize cucurbit[ n] uril and develop their host-guest recognition property not only in supramolecular chemistry, but also bio-chemistry, material chemistry, and medicinal chemistry. This review mainly focuses on summarizing the research progress of functionalized cucurbit[ n] uril, and comments on the bright future of their synthetic methods briefly.

关 键 词：超分子化学 主客体化学 大环化合物 葫芦脲 官能团化 

分 类 号：O641.3[理学—物理化学] O621[理学—化学]