基于PHA-LEC法的LNG冷能梯级利用方案风险分析  

Potential Risk Analysis of Cascade Utilization of LNG Cold Energy Based on the PHA-LEC Method

作　　者：李云云 李云飞 

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团工程设计有限责任公司华北分公司,河北任丘062552 [2]陕西邦希化工有限公司,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《天然气与石油》2016年第4期40-45,8,共6页Natural Gas and Oil

基　　金：中国石油科技创新基金研究项目(2012 D-5006-0602)

摘　　要：随着液化天然气产业的蓬勃发展,开发LNG冷能梯级利用技术具有巨大的经济效益,有利于降低LNG使用成本,开拓天然气下游市场。但是目前对于LNG冷能梯级利用安全性方面的研究相对较少。在继承前人研究成果的基础上,以三级梯级利用为例,设计出LNG冷能梯级利用的18种方案。并以LNG冷能用于液化分离空气工艺为例,首先采用预先危险性分析法对工艺中涉及设备的潜在风险进行定性分析,然后运用作业条件危险性评价法对潜在风险进行定量计算与评价,确定各设备存在的风险等级,提出合理的防范措施和建议,并根据设备危险性分值,进行权重赋值,通过给定的工艺危险性计算公式,得到工艺危险性分值。采用相同方法,给出LNG冷能梯级利用方案危险性计算公式,为各方案的安全性分析提供指导。PHA-LEC法为LNG冷能梯级利用方案安全性分析提供了一种定性和半定量结合的模式,为方案的优化选择和防范措施的编制提供了科学依据。With the vigorous development of the liquefied natural gas industry,the development of cascade utilization of cold energy of LNG technology has huge economic efficiency.The LNG technology is beneficial to lower the cost of LNG and develop the downstream market.However,at present,there is less research on the safety of LNG cold energy cascade utilization.18 kinds of schemes for LNG cold energy cascade utilization have been designed with three-level utilization as an example based on the existing research achievements in this paper.A process of one typical cascade utilization scheme was taken as an example.At first,qualitative analysis was conducted for the potential risks involved in the preliminary risk analysis of process equipment,and then quantitative calculation and evaluation of potential risks were performed using the method of job risk analysis to determine the risk level of each equipment and put forward reasonable preventive measures and suggestions.Then weight assignment was performed according to the equipment risk score and process risk score was obtained by a given process formula of risk.An LNG cold energy cascade Utilization risk calculation formula was given by the same method,providing guidance for the safety analysis of each scheme.PHA-LEC method provides a combined model of qualitative and semiquantitative analysis for the safety analysis of LNG cold energy cascade utilization and is serving as a scientific basis for scheme optimization selection and preparation of preventive measures.

关 键 词：LNG 冷能梯级利用 预先危险性分析 作业条件危险性分析 权重 

分 类 号：TE64[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]