论机动车强制保险的立法模式——兼评《道路交通安全法》第76条  

The Legislative Mode of Compulsory Motor Vehicle Insurance——Comment on Article seventy-sixth of Road Traffic Safety Law

作　　者：印通[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院,四川成都631110

出　　处：《保险研究》2016年第6期120-127,共8页Insurance Studies

摘　　要：责任保险在交通事故受害人保护方面存在固有缺陷,不可抗力、过失相抵等抗辩事由阻碍受害人获得及时、充分的保险赔付。无过失保险是在反思侵权责任制度缺陷的基础上所作出的一项制度创新,但其广泛的保护对象、宽松的赔付条件推高了保费支出,因此受到学界的质疑和消费者的反对。修正的责任保险在保留责任保险三方结构的同时,吸收了无过失保险的思想。通过弱化保险人的抗辩事由、放宽保险赔付要件,修正的责任保险可以达到强化保护交通事故受害人之目标。我国《道路交通安全法》第76条采纳了修正的责任保险模式,此种模式最能契合我国机动车强制保险为交通事故受害人提供基本保障之立法目的,因此在制度构造上优于传统的责任保险模式。Liability insurance has inherent defects in the protection of the injured automobile-accident victim. Force majeure, contributory negligence and other defenses hinder victims from obtaining timely and adequate insurance payments. Prompted by dissatisfaction with the traditional tort system and liability insurance, no-fault insurance represents an institutional innovation. However, its extensive protection scope and loose claims payment conditions lead to high premiums, and is therefore challenged by the academic society and opposed by the public. Modified liability insurance retains the 3-party structure of traditional liability insurance and integrates the idea of no-fauh insurance into itself. Through weakening the insurer＇s defenses and relaxing claims payment conditions, modified liability insurance can attain the objective of stronger protection of automobile-accident victims. The article seventy-sixth of Road Traffic Safety Law adopts the modified liability insurance model, which is consistent with the legislative purpose of providing protection to automobile-accident victims. It is therefore superior to traditional lia- bility insurance in terms of institutional structure.

关 键 词：责任保险模式 无过失保险模式 修正的责任保险模式 

分 类 号：D922[政治法律—法学]