循环水养殖系统管式射流集污特性试验研究  

Experimental study on waste accumulation effect of pipe jetting system in recirculating aquaculture system

作　　者：赵乐 张清靖[2] 李宏伟[2] 王萍 桂福坤 

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心,浙江舟山316000 [2]北京市水产科学研究所,北京100068

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2016年第4期16-21,共6页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD25B03);浙江省自然科学重点基金(Z16E090006);舟山市海洋专项(2015C41001)

摘　　要：工厂化养殖池内的污物聚集效果是养殖池设计建造和运行管理的重要指标,对提升养殖技术和管理水平具有重要意义。针对一种典型的工厂化鱼类养殖池,对边侧管式射流系统驱动下的流场特性和污物聚集效果进行研究,探讨了射流角度、射流流速和循环抽吸方式等因素对养殖池内水体流场特性及污物聚集分布规律的影响。利用手持式ADV流速仪在养殖池内进行布点测量,获得各点流速数值,然后利用MATLAB软件进行流场插值构图,研究养殖池的流场分布特性;污物聚集特性采用图像法进行处理分析。研究表明:管式射流驱动作用下,流速从池心向外呈"V"型变化。在射流角度固定为40°条件下,射流速度越大,池心低流速区域范围越小,污物聚集效果越好。当射流速度达到0.3 m/s时,污物基本聚集于池心;在流速固定的情况下,对污物聚集效果存在一个最佳的射流角度,约为40°。池内循环抽吸模式对流场和污物聚集效果同样有着显著的影响。研究表明,采用底部抽吸时,排污孔附近的径向流速与切向流速均高于边侧抽吸模式,且污物聚集效果明显优于边侧抽吸模式。该研究成果可用于工厂化鱼类养殖池管式射流水力驱动系统的优化设计,在不影响养殖对象生长的前提下,可尽量提高射流流速,最佳射流角度一般为40°左右,并尽量采用底部抽吸模式。Waste accumulation effect is an important indicator for pond design and construction as well as its operation and management in industrial fish farming. This paper investigated the effect of jet angle,jetting velocity and inner suction mode on flow filed and waste accumulation in the farming pond. The flow velocity at each selected point in the pond was measured using an ADV flow meter,then the characters of the pond flow field were studied based on the flow field graph constructed by MATLAB software,while the waste accumulation character was analyzed using image-processing method. 1 n this study,a ‘ V ’ shaped variation trend of velocity along the measuring section was observed. Given the jet angle of 4 0., as the jetting velocity increased,the low-velocity area adjacent to the pond center decreased and the waste accumulation effect became better,and when jetting velocity reached 0. 3m/s, most of the waste got accumulated at the pond center. An optimal jet angle of 4 0.was obtained with the best effect of waste accumulation. It was also found that circulation mode had significant effect on flow field and waste accumulation characters. When using bottom suction mode, the radial velocity and tangential velocity near the drain port were higher than when using side suction mode,and the waste accumulation effect was also much better. The research results can be used for optimizing the hydraulic drive system in industrial fish farming pond. On the premise of not affecting the growth of cultured species, it is recommended to increase the jetting velocity as higher as possible, maintain the jet angle at 4 0.and adopt bottom suction mode.

关 键 词：工厂化养殖 管式射流 水力特性 集污效果 

分 类 号：S955.13[农业科学—水产养殖]